The Early Church · New Testament
Acts 1
Waiting to become witnesses
General context
The risen Jesus instructs the apostles to remain in Jerusalem and wait for the promised Holy Spirit. Their question about the kingdom's restoration is answered with a commission to witness from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth. After Jesus is taken from their sight, the group returns to Jerusalem and continues in prayer. Peter speaks about Judas's place in the ministry and argues from the Psalms for a replacement. Two candidates are put forward from those who accompanied Jesus; after prayer and the casting of lots, Matthias is added to the eleven apostles.
Cited passages: Acts 1:2, Acts 1:3, Acts 1:4, Acts 1:5, Acts 1:6, Acts 1:7, Acts 1:8, Acts 1:9, Acts 1:12, Acts 1:14, Acts 1:15, Acts 1:16, Acts 1:17, Acts 1:20, Acts 1:21, Acts 1:22, Acts 1:23, Acts 1:24, Acts 1:26
Acts 1 (KJV)
1The former treatise have I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach,
2Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen:
3To whom also he shewed himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs, being seen of them forty days, and speaking of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God:
4And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me.
5For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.
6When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?
7And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.
8But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.
9And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.
10And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;
11Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.
12Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day’s journey.
13And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James.
14These all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren.
15And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said, (the number of names together were about an hundred and twenty,)
16Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.
17For he was numbered with us, and had obtained part of this ministry.
18Now this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out.
19And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, The field of blood.
20For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another take.
21Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,
22Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.
23And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias.
24And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen,
25That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.
26And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
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Historical context
The opening addresses Theophilus and refers to an earlier account of Jesus's deeds and teaching, but gives no personal name for the writer. It describes appearances over forty days, the return from the Mount of Olives and a gathering in an upper room in Jerusalem. The apostles pray with women, Mary the mother of Jesus and his brothers. Peter later addresses a group of about 120. Joseph called Barsabas, also named Justus, and Matthias are the two candidates named for the vacant place.
Cited passages: Acts 1:1, Acts 1:2, Acts 1:3, Acts 1:12, Acts 1:13, Acts 1:14, Acts 1:15, Acts 1:23
Literary context
The question about when the kingdom will be restored gives way to a commission describing where witness will go. The promise of the Spirit stands ahead of the chapter's events, so waiting and prayer are part of its movement. Two men in white address the watching group and speak of Jesus's return. Peter's speech then uses words from the Psalms to interpret the vacancy left by Judas, and the selection emphasizes becoming a witness to the resurrection. The chapter ends with Matthias numbered among the apostles, while the promised coming of the Spirit is still ahead.
Cited passages: Acts 1:4, Acts 1:5, Acts 1:6, Acts 1:7, Acts 1:8, Acts 1:9, Acts 1:10, Acts 1:11, Acts 1:14, Acts 1:16, Acts 1:20, Acts 1:21, Acts 1:22, Acts 1:24, Acts 1:26
Key moments
- Wait in Jerusalem (Acts 1:4). Jesus tells the apostles to remain in Jerusalem and wait for the Father’s promise.
- A widening witness (Acts 1:8). The promised power of the Holy Spirit is linked with witness in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria and the ends of the earth.
- Continue in prayer (Acts 1:14). The gathered apostles, women, Mary and Jesus’s brothers continue together in prayer.
- Matthias joins the apostles (Acts 1:26). The lot falls to Matthias, and he is numbered with the eleven apostles.
For reflection
What roles do waiting, shared prayer and witness play in the preparation described here?
People in this chapter
Jesus Christ
John the Baptist
Judas
Matthias
Peter
Andrew
Bartholomew
David
Jacob
James son of Alphaeus
James son of Zebedee
John the Apostle
Jude Thaddaeus
Mary, Mother of Jesus
Matthew
Philip the apostle
Simon the Canaanite
Thomas
Also indexed here:
- Alphaeus
- James
- Joseph
- Theophilus