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The Torah · Old Testament

Genesis 29

Jacob marries Leah and Rachel, and Leah bears four sons

General context

At a well, Jacob meets shepherds from Haran and learns that Rachel is coming with Laban's sheep. He rolls away the stone, waters her flock, kisses her and weeps. Rachel brings news to Laban, who welcomes his nephew. Jacob agrees to work seven years for Rachel, whom he loves. After the feast, Laban brings Leah instead, and Jacob discovers the deception in the morning. Laban appeals to the local practice of marrying the older daughter first. Jacob completes Leah's wedding week, receives Rachel as his wife too, and serves another seven years. He loves Rachel more than Leah. The Lord sees that Leah is hated, in the King James wording cited here, and enables her to conceive while Rachel has no children. Leah bears Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah, naming them with words of affliction, hope and praise.

Cited passages: Genesis 29:1, Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:4, Genesis 29:5, Genesis 29:6, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:9, Genesis 29:10, Genesis 29:11, Genesis 29:12, Genesis 29:13, Genesis 29:14, Genesis 29:15, Genesis 29:16, Genesis 29:17, Genesis 29:18, Genesis 29:19, Genesis 29:20, Genesis 29:21, Genesis 29:22, Genesis 29:23, Genesis 29:24, Genesis 29:25, Genesis 29:26, Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:28, Genesis 29:29, Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31, Genesis 29:32, Genesis 29:33, Genesis 29:34, Genesis 29:35

Genesis 29 (KJV)

1Then Jacob went on his journey, and came into the land of the people of the east.

2And he looked, and behold a well in the field, and, lo, there were three flocks of sheep lying by it; for out of that well they watered the flocks: and a great stone was upon the well’s mouth.

3And thither were all the flocks gathered: and they rolled the stone from the well’s mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone again upon the well’s mouth in his place.

4And Jacob said unto them, My brethren, whence be ye? And they said, Of Haran are we.

5And he said unto them, Know ye Laban the son of Nahor? And they said, We know him.

6And he said unto them, Is he well? And they said, He is well: and, behold, Rachel his daughter cometh with the sheep.

7And he said, Lo, it is yet high day, neither is it time that the cattle should be gathered together: water ye the sheep, and go and feed them.

8And they said, We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered together, and till they roll the stone from the well’s mouth; then we water the sheep.

9And while he yet spake with them, Rachel came with her father’s sheep: for she kept them.

10And it came to pass, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother’s brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother’s brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well’s mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother’s brother.

11And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept.

12And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father’s brother, and that he was Rebekah’s son: and she ran and told her father.

13And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister’s son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things.

14And Laban said to him, Surely thou art my bone and my flesh. And he abode with him the space of a month.

15And Laban said unto Jacob, Because thou art my brother, shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought? tell me, what shall thy wages be?

16And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel.

17Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured.

18And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.

19And Laban said, It is better that I give her to thee, than that I should give her to another man: abide with me.

20And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her.

21And Jacob said unto Laban, Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in unto her.

22And Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast.

23And it came to pass in the evening, that he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him; and he went in unto her.

24And Laban gave unto his daughter Leah Zilpah his maid for an handmaid.

25And it came to pass, that in the morning, behold, it was Leah: and he said to Laban, What is this thou hast done unto me? did not I serve with thee for Rachel? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me?

26And Laban said, It must not be so done in our country, to give the younger before the firstborn.

27Fulfil her week, and we will give thee this also for the service which thou shalt serve with me yet seven other years.

28And Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week: and he gave him Rachel his daughter to wife also.

29And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her maid.

30And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years.

31And when the Lord saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel was barren.

32And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Reuben: for she said, Surely the Lord hath looked upon my affliction; now therefore my husband will love me.

33And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Because the Lord hath heard that I was hated, he hath therefore given me this son also: and she called his name Simeon.

34And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Now this time will my husband be joined unto me, because I have born him three sons: therefore was his name called Levi.

35And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, Now will I praise the Lord: therefore she called his name Judah; and left bearing.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The well has a large covering stone, and the shepherds describe waiting for all the flocks before watering. Rachel tends her father's sheep. Jacob stays with Laban for a month before the wage discussion. Leah is the older daughter and Rachel the younger. The agreement is seven years of service for Rachel, but the substitution is revealed after the feast. Laban's explanation about the older daughter is his stated reason, not a complete account of regional marriage law. Rachel is given after the wedding week, before the additional seven years are served. Laban gives Zilpah to Leah and Bilhah to Rachel as handmaids. Leah's statements express hope for her husband's affection; the chapter does not say those hopes are fulfilled.

Cited passages: Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:6, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:9, Genesis 29:13, Genesis 29:14, Genesis 29:15, Genesis 29:16, Genesis 29:18, Genesis 29:20, Genesis 29:22, Genesis 29:23, Genesis 29:24, Genesis 29:25, Genesis 29:26, Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:28, Genesis 29:29, Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:32, Genesis 29:33, Genesis 29:34, Genesis 29:35

Literary context

The repeated movement at the well leads quickly from inquiry to family welcome. The account then slows around labor and marriage. Seven years seem like days to Jacob because of his love, but the morning discovery reverses his expectation. The contrast between the older and younger daughters appears in Laban's explanation of the substitution. The closing focus moves from Jacob's preferred marriage to Leah's experience. Her first birth statements connect children with affliction and hoped-for attachment; at Judah's naming she turns explicitly to praise of the Lord. These are her words within an unequal household, not a report that the rivalry has ended.

Cited passages: Genesis 29:4, Genesis 29:5, Genesis 29:6, Genesis 29:9, Genesis 29:10, Genesis 29:11, Genesis 29:12, Genesis 29:13, Genesis 29:14, Genesis 29:18, Genesis 29:20, Genesis 29:21, Genesis 29:23, Genesis 29:25, Genesis 29:26, Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31, Genesis 29:32, Genesis 29:33, Genesis 29:34, Genesis 29:35

Key moments

  1. Jacob waters Rachel's flock (Genesis 29:10). Jacob rolls the stone from the well and waters Laban's sheep when Rachel arrives.
  2. The deception is discovered (Genesis 29:25). In the morning Jacob sees that it is Leah and confronts Laban.
  3. Rachel becomes Jacob's wife too (Genesis 29:28). Jacob completes the wedding week, and Laban gives him Rachel as his wife also.
  4. Leah names Judah with praise (Genesis 29:35). Leah says she will praise the Lord and names her fourth son Judah.

For reflection

What changes when the account turns from Jacob's expectation of marriage to Leah's own words after the births?

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