The Early Church · New Testament
Acts 15
Acts 15: the council at Jerusalem and the letter to the Gentiles
General context
Certain men from Judea teach the brethren that circumcision after the manner of Moses is required for salvation. Paul and Barnabas dispute with them, and the church sends them and others up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders. On the way they declare the conversion of the Gentiles. At Jerusalem believers of the sect of the Pharisees say the Gentiles must be circumcised and keep the law of Moses. After much disputing Peter says God gave the Gentiles the Holy Ghost and put no difference between them and the apostles. The multitude keeps silence while Barnabas and Paul report miracles among the Gentiles. James answers, cites written words of the prophets, and gives his sentence that the Gentiles not be troubled but be written to about pollutions of idols, fornication, things strangled and blood. The apostles, elders and whole church send Judas Barsabas and Silas to Antioch with a letter, which the chapter prints in full. The brethren read it and rejoice, and Judas and Silas, called prophets, exhort them. Afterward Paul and Barnabas part over John Mark: Barnabas sails to Cyprus with Mark, and Paul chooses Silas and goes through Syria and Cilicia.
Cited passages: Acts 15:1, Acts 15:2, Acts 15:3, Acts 15:4, Acts 15:5, Acts 15:6, Acts 15:7, Acts 15:8, Acts 15:9, Acts 15:10, Acts 15:11, Acts 15:12, Acts 15:13, Acts 15:14, Acts 15:15, Acts 15:19, Acts 15:20, Acts 15:22, Acts 15:23, Acts 15:24, Acts 15:27, Acts 15:28, Acts 15:29, Acts 15:30, Acts 15:31, Acts 15:32, Acts 15:35, Acts 15:37, Acts 15:39, Acts 15:40, Acts 15:41
Acts 15 (KJV)
1And certain men which came down from Judæa taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
2When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.
3And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.
4And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.
5But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.
6And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.
7And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.
8And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;
9And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.
10Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?
11But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.
12Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.
13And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me:
14Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.
15And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,
16After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:
17That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.
18Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.
19Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God:
20But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.
21For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.
22Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:
23And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia:
24Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:
25It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,
26Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
27We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth.
28For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;
29That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.
30So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:
31Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation.
32And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.
33And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.
34Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still.
35Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.
36And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.
37And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.
38But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.
39And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;
40And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.
41And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.
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Historical context
The men who bring the teaching from Judea are not named, and the chapter does not say who sent them. The letter denies that they carried instructions from Jerusalem, saying the leaders gave no such commandment. James refers to the earlier report by the name Simeon, while the chapter itself has just recorded Peter speaking. James introduces the prophetic words with the formula that it is written, without naming a prophet. Silas is introduced here as one of the chief men among the brethren, and both he and Judas are called prophets. The text records that the delegates were let go in peace, and then states separately that Silas stayed on. The reason for the split between Paul and Barnabas is limited to what the text gives: Mark's earlier departure from Pamphylia and Paul's judgment about it. No dates, no length of the meeting, and no vote count are supplied.
Cited passages: Acts 15:1, Acts 15:2, Acts 15:5, Acts 15:7, Acts 15:13, Acts 15:14, Acts 15:15, Acts 15:19, Acts 15:22, Acts 15:24, Acts 15:27, Acts 15:32, Acts 15:33, Acts 15:34, Acts 15:37, Acts 15:38, Acts 15:39
Literary context
The chapter is built from a question, three speeches and a document. Peter argues from what God did, Barnabas and Paul report what God wrought, and James gives a written conclusion. The letter repeats the assembly's wording, saying it seemed good to them and then that it seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to them. The four things named in James's sentence are listed again in the letter in a different order, idols and blood and strangled and fornication, so the reader sees the same list twice. The multitude falls silent before the report and rejoices after the reading. The chapter ends with a second dispute that is not settled by any council: the contention over Mark is called sharp, and the narrator simply records two separate journeys.
Cited passages: Acts 15:6, Acts 15:7, Acts 15:12, Acts 15:13, Acts 15:19, Acts 15:20, Acts 15:22, Acts 15:25, Acts 15:28, Acts 15:29, Acts 15:31, Acts 15:36, Acts 15:39, Acts 15:40
Key moments
- The demand from Judea (Acts 15:1). Men from Judea teach that circumcision after the manner of Moses is required for salvation.
- Peter speaks of no difference (Acts 15:9). Peter says God put no difference between the apostles and the Gentiles, purifying their hearts by faith.
- James gives his sentence (Acts 15:19). James concludes that the Gentiles who turn to God should not be troubled.
- The letter is written (Acts 15:23). The apostles, elders and brethren send a written greeting to the Gentile brethren of Antioch, Syria and Cilicia.
- The letter is read at Antioch (Acts 15:31). The gathered multitude reads the epistle and rejoices for the consolation.
- Paul and Barnabas separate (Acts 15:39). The contention over Mark is so sharp that the two depart from one another.
For reflection
The letter describes its requirements as no greater burden than these necessary things. Reading only what this chapter argues, what makes those four items necessary and the others not?
People in this chapter
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