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The Early Church · New Testament

Acts 16

Acts 16: Timotheus joins Paul, Lydia believes, and the Philippian jail opens

General context

At Derbe and Lystra Paul finds Timotheus, a disciple whose mother is a Jewess who believed and whose father is a Greek, and who is well reported of at Lystra and Iconium. Paul takes him and circumcises him because of the Jews in those quarters. They deliver the decrees ordained at Jerusalem, and the churches increase. The Holy Ghost forbids them to preach in Asia and the Spirit does not allow them into Bithynia, so they come to Troas, where Paul sees a man of Macedonia in a night vision. From that point the narration says we. At Philippi they speak by a river side to women, and Lydia, a seller of purple of Thyatira who worshipped God, has her heart opened by the Lord and is baptized with her household. A damsel with a spirit of divination follows them for many days until Paul commands the spirit out. Her masters drag Paul and Silas to the magistrates, who have them beaten and imprisoned. At midnight the two pray and sing, an earthquake opens the doors, and the jailor, stopped from killing himself, asks what he must do to be saved, washes their stripes and is baptized with all his house. The magistrates send word to release them, Paul answers that they were beaten openly uncondemned being Romans, the magistrates come and beseech them, and they leave by way of Lydia's house.

Cited passages: Acts 16:1, Acts 16:2, Acts 16:3, Acts 16:4, Acts 16:5, Acts 16:6, Acts 16:7, Acts 16:8, Acts 16:9, Acts 16:10, Acts 16:12, Acts 16:13, Acts 16:14, Acts 16:15, Acts 16:16, Acts 16:17, Acts 16:18, Acts 16:19, Acts 16:22, Acts 16:23, Acts 16:25, Acts 16:26, Acts 16:27, Acts 16:28, Acts 16:30, Acts 16:31, Acts 16:33, Acts 16:34, Acts 16:35, Acts 16:37, Acts 16:39, Acts 16:40

Acts 16 (KJV)

1Then came he to Derbe and Lystra: and, behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timotheus, the son of a certain woman, which was a Jewess, and believed; but his father was a Greek:

2Which was well reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium.

3Him would Paul have to go forth with him; and took and circumcised him because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for they knew all that his father was a Greek.

4And as they went through the cities, they delivered them the decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the apostles and elders which were at Jerusalem.

5And so were the churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily.

6Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia,

7After they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into Bithynia: but the Spirit suffered them not.

8And they passing by Mysia came down to Troas.

9And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us.

10And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them.

11Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis;

12And from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a colony: and we were in that city abiding certain days.

13And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither.

14And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul.

15And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there. And she constrained us.

16And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain damsel possessed with a spirit of divination met us, which brought her masters much gain by soothsaying:

17The same followed Paul and us, and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, which shew unto us the way of salvation.

18And this did she many days. But Paul, being grieved, turned and said to the spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out the same hour.

19And when her masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace unto the rulers,

20And brought them to the magistrates, saying, These men, being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city,

21And teach customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans.

22And the multitude rose up together against them: and the magistrates rent off their clothes, and commanded to beat them.

23And when they had laid many stripes upon them, they cast them into prison, charging the jailor to keep them safely:

24Who, having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks.

25And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto God: and the prisoners heard them.

26And suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one’s bands were loosed.

27And the keeper of the prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the prison doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the prisoners had been fled.

28But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm: for we are all here.

29Then he called for a light, and sprang in, and came trembling, and fell down before Paul and Silas,

30And brought them out, and said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved?

31And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house.

32And they spake unto him the word of the Lord, and to all that were in his house.

33And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes; and was baptized, he and all his, straightway.

34And when he had brought them into his house, he set meat before them, and rejoiced, believing in God with all his house.

35And when it was day, the magistrates sent the serjeants, saying, Let those men go.

36And the keeper of the prison told this saying to Paul, The magistrates have sent to let you go: now therefore depart, and go in peace.

37But Paul said unto them, They have beaten us openly uncondemned, being Romans, and have cast us into prison; and now do they thrust us out privily? nay verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out.

38And the serjeants told these words unto the magistrates: and they feared, when they heard that they were Romans.

39And they came and besought them, and brought them out, and desired them to depart out of the city.

40And they went out of the prison, and entered into the house of Lydia: and when they had seen the brethren, they comforted them, and departed.

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Historical context

The narration changes from third person to first person plural at the response to the vision, and the text never says who is included in that we or when the speaker joined. Timotheus's mother is described only as a Jewess who believed; she is not named here, and the father is called a Greek without a name. The stated reason for the circumcision is the Jews in those quarters, who knew his father was a Greek. Lydia is described by trade, city of origin and worship, with no husband mentioned, and her household is baptized with her. The charge brought before the magistrates concerns being Jews and teaching unlawful customs, while the narrator states that the masters acted when the hope of their gains was gone. The Roman citizenship of Paul and Silas appears in the account only after the beating and imprisonment, and the text gives no explanation of the delay. Philippi is described as the chief city of that part of Macedonia and a colony. No dates are given.

Cited passages: Acts 16:1, Acts 16:3, Acts 16:9, Acts 16:10, Acts 16:11, Acts 16:12, Acts 16:14, Acts 16:15, Acts 16:16, Acts 16:19, Acts 16:20, Acts 16:21, Acts 16:22, Acts 16:23, Acts 16:37, Acts 16:38

Literary context

Closed routes open into a vision: the Spirit blocks Asia and Bithynia, and then a man of Macedonia asks them to come over. Two openings match each other, the Lord opening Lydia's heart and the earthquake opening every prison door and loosing every band. Two households are baptized, and both scenes end at a table or a house, Lydia constraining them to abide with her and the jailor setting meat before them. The damsel's cry states out loud who these men are, and Paul still silences the spirit that says it. The magistrates who commanded the beating are the ones who come and beseech them at the end, and the chapter closes where the Philippian section began, in Lydia's house.

Cited passages: Acts 16:6, Acts 16:7, Acts 16:9, Acts 16:14, Acts 16:15, Acts 16:17, Acts 16:18, Acts 16:22, Acts 16:26, Acts 16:33, Acts 16:34, Acts 16:39, Acts 16:40

Key moments

  1. Timotheus joins the journey (Acts 16:3). Paul takes Timotheus and circumcises him because of the Jews in those quarters.
  2. The Macedonian vision (Acts 16:9). A man of Macedonia appears to Paul in the night asking him to come over and help.
  3. The narration turns to we (Acts 16:10). The account shifts to first person plural as the company sets out for Macedonia.
  4. Lydia's heart is opened (Acts 16:14). The Lord opens the heart of Lydia, a seller of purple of Thyatira, to attend to Paul's words.
  5. Beaten and jailed at Philippi (Acts 16:23). After many stripes Paul and Silas are cast into prison and their feet fastened in the stocks.
  6. The prison doors open (Acts 16:26). An earthquake shakes the foundations, opens every door and looses every band.
  7. The jailor is baptized (Acts 16:33). The jailor washes their stripes and is baptized with all his house that same hour.

For reflection

The damsel announces that these men are the servants of the most high God, and Paul commands the spirit out of her anyway. What does the chapter treat as settled by a true statement, and what does it not?

People in this chapter

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