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The Histories · Old Testament

2 Kings 9

2 Kings 9: Jehu anointed, and the deaths of Joram, Ahaziah and Jezebel

General context

Elisha sends one of the children of the prophets to Ramoth-gilead with a box of oil to anoint Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi in an inner chamber and then flee. The young man delivers the Lord's word: Jehu is to strike the house of Ahab, avenging the blood of the prophets shed by Jezebel; the whole house will perish like the houses of Jeroboam and Baasha, and dogs will eat Jezebel in Jezreel. One of Jehu's fellow captains calls the messenger a mad fellow; once Jehu tells them the message, they spread their garments on the stairs, blow trumpets and proclaim Jehu king. The narrator explains that Joram lies wounded at Jezreel with Ahaziah of Judah visiting. Jehu seals the city and drives to Jezreel. A watchman reports the company; two horsemen sent to ask whether it is peace are told to fall in behind, and the watchman recognizes Jehu's furious driving. Joram and Ahaziah ride out and meet him in Naboth's portion. Jehu answers Joram's question about peace by naming Jezebel's whoredoms and witchcrafts; Joram flees, and Jehu's arrow goes through his heart. Jehu has the body thrown into Naboth's field, recalling the Lord's word he and Bidkar heard in Ahab's day. Ahaziah flees, is struck at Gur, dies at Megiddo and is buried in Jerusalem. Jezebel paints her face and taunts Jehu from a window; at his word eunuchs throw her down, her blood spatters the wall and the horses, and she is trodden under foot. After eating, Jehu orders her burial as a king's daughter, but only skull, feet and palms remain, which Jehu ties to the word spoken by Elijah.

Cited passages: 2 Kings 9:1, 2 Kings 9:2, 2 Kings 9:3, 2 Kings 9:7, 2 Kings 9:9, 2 Kings 9:10, 2 Kings 9:11, 2 Kings 9:13, 2 Kings 9:15, 2 Kings 9:16, 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:20, 2 Kings 9:21, 2 Kings 9:22, 2 Kings 9:23, 2 Kings 9:24, 2 Kings 9:25, 2 Kings 9:27, 2 Kings 9:28, 2 Kings 9:30, 2 Kings 9:33, 2 Kings 9:34, 2 Kings 9:35, 2 Kings 9:36

2 Kings 9 (KJV)

1And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of the prophets, and said unto him, Gird up thy loins, and take this box of oil in thine hand, and go to Ramoth-gilead:

2And when thou comest thither, look out there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go in, and make him arise up from among his brethren, and carry him to an inner chamber;

3Then take the box of oil, and pour it on his head, and say, Thus saith the Lord, I have anointed thee king over Israel. Then open the door, and flee, and tarry not.

4So the young man, even the young man the prophet, went to Ramoth-gilead.

5And when he came, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; and he said, I have an errand to thee, O captain. And Jehu said, Unto which of all us? And he said, To thee, O captain.

6And he arose, and went into the house; and he poured the oil on his head, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, I have anointed thee king over the people of the Lord, even over Israel.

7And thou shalt smite the house of Ahab thy master, that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the Lord, at the hand of Jezebel.

8For the whole house of Ahab shall perish: and I will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel:

9And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah:

10And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there shall be none to bury her. And he opened the door, and fled.

11Then Jehu came forth to the servants of his lord: and one said unto him, Is all well? wherefore came this mad fellow to thee? And he said unto them, Ye know the man, and his communication.

12And they said, It is false; tell us now. And he said, Thus and thus spake he to me, saying, Thus saith the Lord, I have anointed thee king over Israel.

13Then they hasted, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on the top of the stairs, and blew with trumpets, saying, Jehu is king.

14So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. (Now Joram had kept Ramoth-gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Syria.

15But king Joram was returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Syrians had given him, when he fought with Hazael king of Syria.) And Jehu said, If it be your minds, then let none go forth nor escape out of the city to go to tell it in Jezreel.

16So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay there. And Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram.

17And there stood a watchman on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said, I see a company. And Joram said, Take an horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say, Is it peace?

18So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu said, What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me. And the watchman told, saying, The messenger came to them, but he cometh not again.

19Then he sent out a second on horseback, which came to them, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu answered, What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me.

20And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.

21And Joram said, Make ready. And his chariot was made ready. And Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and they went out against Jehu, and met him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite.

22And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

23And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.

24And Jehu drew a bow with his full strength, and smote Jehoram between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot.

25Then said Jehu to Bidkar his captain, Take up, and cast him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite: for remember how that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, the Lord laid this burden upon him;

26Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the Lord; and I will requite thee in this plat, saith the Lord. Now therefore take and cast him into the plat of ground, according to the word of the Lord.

27But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden house. And Jehu followed after him, and said, Smite him also in the chariot. And they did so at the going up to Gur, which is by Ibleam. And he fled to Megiddo, and died there.

28And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David.

29And in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab began Ahaziah to reign over Judah.

30And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window.

31And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master?

32And he lifted up his face to the window, and said, Who is on my side? who? And there looked out to him two or three eunuchs.

33And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.

34And when he was come in, he did eat and drink, and said, Go, see now this cursed woman, and bury her: for she is a king’s daughter.

35And they went to bury her: but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands.

36Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the word of the Lord, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel:

37And the carcase of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say, This is Jezebel.

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Historical context

Jehu's father is "Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi", a different man from Jehoshaphat king of Judah; 1 Kings 19:16 names him by his grandfather, "Jehu the son of Nimshi". The Israelite king is spelled "Joram" through the chapter but "Jehoram" in the verse that records the arrow. The oracle given through the young prophet repeats the terms Elijah spoke against Ahab in 1 Kings 21, including the comparison with Jeroboam and Baasha; the line about Jezebel there says "by the wall of Jezreel", while here and in Jehu's recollection it is "in the portion of Jezreel". The blood of Naboth's sons is mentioned only in Jehu's speech; 1 Kings 21 narrates Naboth's stoning and does not mention sons. Ahaziah's accession is dated to Joram's eleventh year here and to his twelfth year in 8:25. Jezebel's "Had Zimri peace, who slew his master?" points to 1 Kings 16, where Zimri killed King Elah and reigned seven days. Jehu's phrase "a king’s daughter" matches 1 Kings 16:31, which calls Jezebel "the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians". The chapter names Gur by Ibleam and Megiddo for Ahaziah's death but does not say how far he travelled or how long he lived after the blow.

Cited passages: 2 Kings 9:14, 1 Kings 19:16, 2 Kings 9:24, 2 Kings 9:8, 1 Kings 21:21, 1 Kings 21:23, 2 Kings 9:36, 2 Kings 9:26, 1 Kings 21:19, 2 Kings 9:29, 2 Kings 8:25, 2 Kings 9:31, 1 Kings 16:10, 1 Kings 16:15, 2 Kings 9:34, 1 Kings 16:31, 2 Kings 9:27

Literary context

The question of peace runs through the chapter. Two horsemen ask it in the king's name, Joram asks it face to face, and Jezebel turns it into a taunt about Zimri; Jehu's answers refuse the word each time. The approach to Jezreel is told through the watchman's eyes, so the watchman identifies Jehu by his driving before Jehu has said a word to the king. The narrator places the killing of Joram in Naboth's portion and lets Jehu himself quote the Lord's word as the reason for casting the body there, then quotes it again over Jezebel's remains, so the chapter's two deaths are framed as fulfilment in Jehu's own voice rather than the narrator's. Jezebel's preparation at the window, her single sentence, and the fall that splashes blood on the wall and horses are told briskly, followed by Jehu eating and drinking before ordering her burial. The chapter ends not with a summary but with the prophecy's last clause, that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel."

Cited passages: 2 Kings 9:17, 2 Kings 9:19, 2 Kings 9:22, 2 Kings 9:31, 2 Kings 9:20, 2 Kings 9:25, 2 Kings 9:26, 2 Kings 9:36, 2 Kings 9:30, 2 Kings 9:33, 2 Kings 9:34, 2 Kings 9:37

Key moments

  1. Oil poured on Jehu (2 Kings 9:6). The young prophet anoints Jehu king over Israel in a private room.
  2. Jehu is king (2 Kings 9:13). The captains spread garments on the stairs, blow trumpets and proclaim him.
  3. He driveth furiously (2 Kings 9:20). The watchman identifies the approaching company by Jehu's driving.
  4. Arrow through Joram's heart (2 Kings 9:24). Jehu shoots the fleeing king, who sinks down in his chariot.
  5. Joram cast into Naboth's field (2 Kings 9:26). Jehu orders the body thrown into the plot, recalling the Lord's word about Naboth.
  6. Ahaziah dies at Megiddo (2 Kings 9:27). Struck at Gur while fleeing, the king of Judah dies at Megiddo.
  7. Jezebel thrown from the window (2 Kings 9:33). Eunuchs throw her down at Jehu's word, and she is trodden under foot.

For reflection

Jehu twice quotes the Lord's word as the reason for what he has just done, and the narrator adds no judgment of his own. How does a reader weigh a fulfilment announced by the man who carried it out?

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