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The Histories · Old Testament

2 Kings 10

2 Kings 10: Jehu destroys the house of Ahab and the worshippers of Baal

General context

Ahab has seventy sons in Samaria. Jehu writes to the city's rulers, elders and guardians, daring them to set one on the throne and fight; they answer that two kings could not stand before him and submit. A second letter demands the sons' heads by the next day, and seventy are killed and their heads sent in baskets to Jezreel. Jehu piles them in two heaps at the gate and tells the people that he conspired against his master, but asks who killed all these, and declares that the Lord has done what he spoke by Elijah. He kills all that remain of Ahab's house in Jezreel, with the great men, kinsfolk and priests. On the road to Samaria he meets forty-two brethren of Ahaziah of Judah and has them slaughtered at the pit of the shearing house. He takes up Jehonadab the son of Rechab into his chariot to see his zeal for the Lord, and in Samaria kills the rest of Ahab's house. He then announces that he will serve Baal more than Ahab did, summons every worshipper to a solemn assembly, fills the house of Baal, issues vestments, checks that no servant of the Lord is present, posts eighty men, and after the burnt offering has everyone inside killed. The images are burned, and the house is broken down and made a draught house. The narrator says Jehu destroyed Baal from Israel but kept the golden calves of Beth-el and Dan. The Lord promises him four generations on the throne; Jehu does not walk in the law with all his heart. Hazael cuts off Israel's land east of Jordan. Jehu dies after twenty-eight years and Jehoahaz succeeds him.

Cited passages: 2 Kings 10:1, 2 Kings 10:3, 2 Kings 10:4, 2 Kings 10:6, 2 Kings 10:7, 2 Kings 10:8, 2 Kings 10:9, 2 Kings 10:10, 2 Kings 10:11, 2 Kings 10:13, 2 Kings 10:14, 2 Kings 10:15, 2 Kings 10:16, 2 Kings 10:17, 2 Kings 10:18, 2 Kings 10:21, 2 Kings 10:22, 2 Kings 10:23, 2 Kings 10:24, 2 Kings 10:25, 2 Kings 10:27, 2 Kings 10:28, 2 Kings 10:29, 2 Kings 10:30, 2 Kings 10:31, 2 Kings 10:32, 2 Kings 10:36

2 Kings 10 (KJV)

1And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, to the elders, and to them that brought up Ahab’s children, saying,

2Now as soon as this letter cometh to you, seeing your master’s sons are with you, and there are with you chariots and horses, a fenced city also, and armour;

3Look even out the best and meetest of your master’s sons, and set him on his father’s throne, and fight for your master’s house.

4But they were exceedingly afraid, and said, Behold, two kings stood not before him: how then shall we stand?

5And he that was over the house, and he that was over the city, the elders also, and the bringers up of the children, sent to Jehu, saying, We are thy servants, and will do all that thou shalt bid us; we will not make any king: do thou that which is good in thine eyes.

6Then he wrote a letter the second time to them, saying, If ye be mine, and if ye will hearken unto my voice, take ye the heads of the men your master’s sons, and come to me to Jezreel by to morrow this time. Now the king’s sons, being seventy persons, were with the great men of the city, which brought them up.

7And it came to pass, when the letter came to them, that they took the king’s sons, and slew seventy persons, and put their heads in baskets, and sent him them to Jezreel.

8And there came a messenger, and told him, saying, They have brought the heads of the king’s sons. And he said, Lay ye them in two heaps at the entering in of the gate until the morning.

9And it came to pass in the morning, that he went out, and stood, and said to all the people, Ye be righteous: behold, I conspired against my master, and slew him: but who slew all these?

10Know now that there shall fall unto the earth nothing of the word of the Lord, which the Lord spake concerning the house of Ahab: for the Lord hath done that which he spake by his servant Elijah.

11So Jehu slew all that remained of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his great men, and his kinsfolks, and his priests, until he left him none remaining.

12And he arose and departed, and came to Samaria. And as he was at the shearing house in the way,

13Jehu met with the brethren of Ahaziah king of Judah, and said, Who are ye? And they answered, We are the brethren of Ahaziah; and we go down to salute the children of the king and the children of the queen.

14And he said, Take them alive. And they took them alive, and slew them at the pit of the shearing house, even two and forty men; neither left he any of them.

15And when he was departed thence, he lighted on Jehonadab the son of Rechab coming to meet him: and he saluted him, and said to him, Is thine heart right, as my heart is with thy heart? And Jehonadab answered, It is. If it be, give me thine hand. And he gave him his hand; and he took him up to him into the chariot.

16And he said, Come with me, and see my zeal for the Lord. So they made him ride in his chariot.

17And when he came to Samaria, he slew all that remained unto Ahab in Samaria, till he had destroyed him, according to the saying of the Lord, which he spake to Elijah.

18And Jehu gathered all the people together, and said unto them, Ahab served Baal a little; but Jehu shall serve him much.

19Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his servants, and all his priests; let none be wanting: for I have a great sacrifice to do to Baal; whosoever shall be wanting, he shall not live. But Jehu did it in subtilty, to the intent that he might destroy the worshippers of Baal.

20And Jehu said, Proclaim a solemn assembly for Baal. And they proclaimed it.

21And Jehu sent through all Israel: and all the worshippers of Baal came, so that there was not a man left that came not. And they came into the house of Baal; and the house of Baal was full from one end to another.

22And he said unto him that was over the vestry, Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal. And he brought them forth vestments.

23And Jehu went, and Jehonadab the son of Rechab, into the house of Baal, and said unto the worshippers of Baal, Search, and look that there be here with you none of the servants of the Lord, but the worshippers of Baal only.

24And when they went in to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings, Jehu appointed fourscore men without, and said, If any of the men whom I have brought into your hands escape, he that letteth him go, his life shall be for the life of him.

25And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, that Jehu said to the guard and to the captains, Go in, and slay them; let none come forth. And they smote them with the edge of the sword; and the guard and the captains cast them out, and went to the city of the house of Baal.

26And they brought forth the images out of the house of Baal, and burned them.

27And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day.

28Thus Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel.

29Howbeit from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from after them, to wit, the golden calves that were in Beth-el, and that were in Dan.

30And the Lord said unto Jehu, Because thou hast done well in executing that which is right in mine eyes, and hast done unto the house of Ahab according to all that was in mine heart, thy children of the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel.

31But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the Lord God of Israel with all his heart: for he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, which made Israel to sin.

32In those days the Lord began to cut Israel short: and Hazael smote them in all the coasts of Israel;

33From Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, even Gilead and Bashan.

34Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

35And Jehu slept with his fathers: and they buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead.

36And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty and eight years.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The narrator calls the seventy "sons" of Ahab and "the king’s sons", and does not say whether the count includes grandsons. Jehu's letters go "to Samaria", yet the KJV addresses them "unto the rulers of Jezreel"; the text does not explain the wording. The "two kings" who could not stand are Joram and Ahaziah, killed in chapter 9. The forty-two are called "the brethren of Ahaziah" here; 2 Chronicles 22:8 describes the victims as "the sons of the brethren of Ahaziah, that ministered to Ahaziah". Jehonadab the son of Rechab is introduced without further identification. Jehu's announcement of a great sacrifice to Baal is explicitly labelled by the narrator as subtilty; the words are a ruse, not the narrator's report of Jehu's religion. "Unto this day" marks the narrator's own time without dating it. The Lord's promise to Jehu is given as direct speech with no prophet named. The verdict on Jehu is split: he did well against Ahab's house, yet kept Jeroboam's calves and took no heed to walk in the law. Hazael's conquests are listed by region and tribe east of Jordan. Jehu's reign length, twenty-eight years, comes at the chapter's end rather than in an opening formula, and no accession synchronism is given for him.

Cited passages: 2 Kings 10:1, 2 Kings 10:6, 2 Kings 10:4, 2 Kings 10:13, 2 Chronicles 22:8, 2 Kings 10:15, 2 Kings 10:19, 2 Kings 10:27, 2 Kings 10:30, 2 Kings 10:29, 2 Kings 10:33, 2 Kings 10:36

Literary context

The chapter moves by letters, questions and a trap. Jehu's first letter invites resistance, the reply concedes, and the second letter turns the guardians into executioners; then Jehu stands before the heaps and asks the crowd "who slew all these?", owning his own conspiracy while pointing at their hands. Twice the narrator states that the killing fulfilled what the Lord spoke to Elijah. The Baal assembly is staged like a service: proclamation, vestments, a search of the congregation, a burnt offering, and only then the order to kill, with the narrator having already told the reader the sacrifice is a ruse. Jehonadab rides along to "see my zeal for the Lord", and the summary line "Thus Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel" is followed at once by "Howbeit" and the golden calves. The divine speech grants four generations, and the next verse limits the praise. The chapter closes with the land being cut short by Hazael and the standard formula, so the zeal and the loss stand side by side.

Cited passages: 2 Kings 10:2, 2 Kings 10:5, 2 Kings 10:9, 2 Kings 10:10, 2 Kings 10:17, 2 Kings 10:20, 2 Kings 10:25, 2 Kings 10:19, 2 Kings 10:16, 2 Kings 10:28, 2 Kings 10:29, 2 Kings 10:31, 2 Kings 10:32

Key moments

  1. Letters to Samaria (2 Kings 10:3). Jehu dares the guardians of Ahab's sons to crown one and fight.
  2. Seventy heads in baskets (2 Kings 10:7). The rulers kill Ahab's sons and send their heads to Jezreel.
  3. Who slew all these? (2 Kings 10:9). Jehu stands by the two heaps and puts the question to the people.
  4. Ahaziah's brethren killed (2 Kings 10:14). Forty-two men of Judah are slain at the pit of the shearing house.
  5. Jehonadab in the chariot (2 Kings 10:16). Jehu takes up Jehonadab to witness his zeal for the Lord.
  6. Slaughter in Baal's house (2 Kings 10:25). After the burnt offering, the guard kills every worshipper inside.
  7. The calves remain (2 Kings 10:29). The narrator notes that Jehu kept the golden calves at Beth-el and Dan.

For reflection

The Lord tells Jehu he has done well against Ahab's house, and the next verse says he took no heed to walk in the law with all his heart. What does the chapter suggest about zeal that is thorough in one direction and absent in another?

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