The Gospels · New Testament
Luke 2
Luke 2: the birth at Bethlehem, the temple welcome and the boy among the doctors
General context
A decree from Cesar Augustus sends everyone to his own city to be taxed, and Joseph goes from Nazareth to Bethlehem with Mary, who is great with child. She brings forth her firstborn son, wraps him in swaddling clothes and lays him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. Shepherds keeping watch by night are told of a Saviour born in the city of David and given the manger as a sign; a multitude of the heavenly host praises God, and the shepherds go, find the child and make the saying known. Mary keeps these things and ponders them. The child is named JESUS at eight days, and the parents bring him to Jerusalem with the offering named in the law. Simeon takes him in his arms and blesses God, then speaks to Mary of a sign spoken against and a sword. Anna, a prophetess, gives thanks and speaks of him to those looking for redemption. The family returns to Nazareth and the child grows. At twelve he stays behind in Jerusalem after the passover; his parents find him after three days among the doctors, and he asks why they sought him. He goes down with them and is subject to them.
Cited passages: Luke 2:1, Luke 2:3, Luke 2:4, Luke 2:5, Luke 2:6, Luke 2:7, Luke 2:8, Luke 2:11, Luke 2:12, Luke 2:13, Luke 2:16, Luke 2:17, Luke 2:19, Luke 2:21, Luke 2:22, Luke 2:24, Luke 2:25, Luke 2:28, Luke 2:34, Luke 2:35, Luke 2:36, Luke 2:38, Luke 2:39, Luke 2:40, Luke 2:42, Luke 2:43, Luke 2:46, Luke 2:49, Luke 2:51
Luke 2 (KJV)
1And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Cæsar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed.
2(And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)
3And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.
4And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judæa, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)
5To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.
6And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.
7And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.
8And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night.
9And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid.
10And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
11For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.
12And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.
13And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,
14Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.
15And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us.
16And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.
17And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child.
18And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds.
19But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart.
20And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.
21And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;
23(As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;)
24And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.
25And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him.
26And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.
27And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,
28Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,
29Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:
30For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,
31Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;
32A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.
33And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.
34And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;
35(Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.
36And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;
37And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.
38And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.
39And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.
40And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.
41Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.
42And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.
43And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.
44But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day’s journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.
45And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him.
46And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.
47And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.
48And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing.
49And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father’s business?
50And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them.
51And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.
52And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man.
This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.
Historical context
The chapter supplies its own setting markers and no more: a decree from Cesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed, and a parenthesis saying this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria. No year is given. Joseph's journey is explained by descent, because he was of the house and lineage of David, and Bethlehem is called the city of David. The text names a manger and an inn; it describes no stable and no animals. Simeon is introduced only as a man in Jerusalem, just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel; no office, family or age is given, and nothing here connects him with any other man of the name. Anna is given a father, Phanuel, and a tribe, Aser, and seven years of marriage; the text then calls her a widow of about fourscore and four years without making clear whether that figure is her age or the length of her widowhood. The offering of a pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons, is quoted from the law of the Lord. The narrator calls Joseph and Mary his parents, and Mary says, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing.
Cited passages: Luke 2:1, Luke 2:2, Luke 2:4, Luke 2:7, Luke 2:11, Luke 2:22, Luke 2:23, Luke 2:24, Luke 2:25, Luke 2:26, Luke 2:36, Luke 2:37, Luke 2:41, Luke 2:43, Luke 2:48
Literary context
An imperial decree opens the chapter and a manger closes its first scene, so the movement runs from Cesar Augustus to a child with no room in the inn. The angel's announcement to the shepherds repeats the pattern of the announcements in the previous chapter, again beginning Fear not, and again a sign is given. Two responses are set side by side: the hearers wondered, while Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart, a line answered later when his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. Two temple scenes follow one another, an infant carried in and a boy of twelve found sitting among the doctors, and each closes with a return to Nazareth and a summary of growth. Simeon's blessing turns sharply, from depart in peace and mine eyes have seen thy salvation to the fall and rising again of many in Israel and a sword. The chapter records the first words Jesus speaks in the book, a question put to his parents.
Cited passages: Luke 2:1, Luke 2:7, Luke 2:10, Luke 2:12, Luke 2:18, Luke 2:19, Luke 2:29, Luke 2:30, Luke 2:34, Luke 2:35, Luke 2:39, Luke 2:40, Luke 2:46, Luke 2:49, Luke 2:51, Luke 2:52
Key moments
- Laid in a manger (Luke 2:7). Mary brings forth her firstborn son and lays him in a manger.
- Good tidings to shepherds (Luke 2:11). The angel tells shepherds a Saviour is born in the city of David.
- Mary ponders the sayings (Luke 2:19). The narrator says Mary keeps all these things in her heart.
- Simeon takes the child (Luke 2:28). Simeon takes him up in his arms and blesses God.
- A sword foretold (Luke 2:35). Simeon tells Mary a sword shall pierce through her own soul.
- Anna speaks of the child (Luke 2:38). Anna gives thanks and speaks of him to those looking for redemption.
- Found among the doctors (Luke 2:46). After three days his parents find him in the temple asking questions.
For reflection
Simeon says he can depart in peace, and then tells Mary that a sword shall pierce through her own soul. What does it mean to hold both of those sentences together as one blessing?
People in this chapter
Also indexed here: