The Torah · Old Testament
Genesis 32
Jacob prepares to meet Esau and wrestles through the night
General context
Angels of God meet Jacob, and he names the place Mahanaim. He sends messengers to Esau in Seir and learns that his brother is coming with four hundred men. Afraid for his household, Jacob divides his people and animals into two groups and prays for deliverance, recalling God's promise. He sends successive droves of animals as gifts, hoping Esau will accept him. That night he sends his family and possessions across the Jabbok. Left alone, he wrestles with a man until daybreak and suffers an injury at the thigh. Jacob refuses to let go without a blessing. He receives the name Israel and a blessing, but the man does not give his own name. Jacob names the place Peniel, saying he has seen God face to face and survived. He leaves at sunrise with a limp.
Cited passages: Genesis 32:1, Genesis 32:2, Genesis 32:3, Genesis 32:4, Genesis 32:5, Genesis 32:6, Genesis 32:7, Genesis 32:8, Genesis 32:9, Genesis 32:10, Genesis 32:11, Genesis 32:12, Genesis 32:13, Genesis 32:14, Genesis 32:15, Genesis 32:16, Genesis 32:17, Genesis 32:18, Genesis 32:19, Genesis 32:20, Genesis 32:21, Genesis 32:22, Genesis 32:23, Genesis 32:24, Genesis 32:25, Genesis 32:26, Genesis 32:27, Genesis 32:28, Genesis 32:29, Genesis 32:30, Genesis 32:31, Genesis 32:32
Genesis 32 (KJV)
1And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.
2And when Jacob saw them, he said, This is God’s host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim.
3And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the country of Edom.
4And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye speak unto my lord Esau; Thy servant Jacob saith thus, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed there until now:
5And I have oxen, and asses, flocks, and menservants, and womenservants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find grace in thy sight.
6And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and also he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men with him.
7Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, into two bands;
8And said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape.
9And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the Lord which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee:
10I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast shewed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two bands.
11Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the mother with the children.
12And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.
13And he lodged there that same night; and took of that which came to his hand a present for Esau his brother;
14Two hundred she goats, and twenty he goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams,
15Thirty milch camels with their colts, forty kine, and ten bulls, twenty she asses, and ten foals.
16And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.
17And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?
18Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob’s; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us.
19And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him.
20And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me.
21So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that night in the company.
22And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok.
23And he took them, and sent them over the brook, and sent over that he had.
24And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.
25And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was out of joint, as he wrestled with him.
26And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.
27And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob.
28And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
29And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there.
30And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.
31And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.
32Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew that shrank.
This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.
Historical context
Seir is identified as the country of Edom, and the report gives Esau four hundred companions without stating their intention to attack. Jacob's two groups are a precaution based on his fear. The gift includes goats, sheep, camels with their young, cattle and donkeys, sent in separated droves with repeated instructions. The crossing notice names two wives, two female servants and eleven sons. The account calls the night opponent a man, records his speech about God and men, and gives Jacob's description of seeing God. It does not supply a personal name for the figure. The final verse connects Jacob's injury with the Israelites' practice of not eating the affected sinew.
Cited passages: Genesis 32:3, Genesis 32:6, Genesis 32:7, Genesis 32:8, Genesis 32:11, Genesis 32:13, Genesis 32:14, Genesis 32:15, Genesis 32:16, Genesis 32:17, Genesis 32:18, Genesis 32:19, Genesis 32:20, Genesis 32:22, Genesis 32:23, Genesis 32:24, Genesis 32:25, Genesis 32:26, Genesis 32:27, Genesis 32:28, Genesis 32:29, Genesis 32:30, Genesis 32:31, Genesis 32:32
Literary context
The meeting with angels gives way to fear at the news of Esau's approach. Jacob's prayer sets his present wealth beside his earlier crossing with a staff and brings both gratitude and fear into the appeal. Repeated instructions for the gift droves delay the expected face-to-face meeting. Before he meets his brother, the narrative leaves Jacob alone in a struggle that lasts until dawn. Questions of name and demands for blessing follow the injury. The new name and blessing come with a limp, so the night's outcome includes both a gift and an injury still visible in the closing scene.
Cited passages: Genesis 32:1, Genesis 32:2, Genesis 32:6, Genesis 32:7, Genesis 32:9, Genesis 32:10, Genesis 32:11, Genesis 32:12, Genesis 32:16, Genesis 32:17, Genesis 32:18, Genesis 32:19, Genesis 32:20, Genesis 32:21, Genesis 32:23, Genesis 32:24, Genesis 32:25, Genesis 32:26, Genesis 32:27, Genesis 32:28, Genesis 32:29, Genesis 32:30, Genesis 32:31, Genesis 32:32
Key moments
- Jacob prays for deliverance (Genesis 32:11). Jacob asks to be delivered from Esau and names his fear for the mothers and children.
- Jacob wrestles alone (Genesis 32:24). After the crossing, Jacob is left alone and wrestles with a man until daybreak.
- The name Israel is given (Genesis 32:28). Jacob is told that his name will be Israel.
- Jacob walks into the sunrise with a limp (Genesis 32:31). The sun rises as Jacob passes Penuel, limping because of his thigh.
For reflection
How do Jacob's prayer, preparations and night struggle each express his vulnerability before meeting Esau?