The Early Church · New Testament
Acts 21
Acts 21: the road to Jerusalem and Paul's arrest in the temple
General context
The voyage runs by Coos, Rhodes and Patara, then by ship past Cyprus to Tyre, where disciples say to Paul through the Spirit that he should not go up to Jerusalem, and where the company kneels on the shore to pray. From Ptolemais they come to Cesarea and stay in the house of Philip the evangelist, one of the seven, who has four daughters that prophesy. Agabus, a prophet from Judea, takes Paul's girdle, binds his own hands and feet, and says the Holy Ghost declares that the Jews at Jerusalem will bind the owner of the girdle and deliver him to the Gentiles. The company begs Paul not to go; he answers that he is ready to die at Jerusalem, and they cease, saying the will of the Lord be done. At Jerusalem James and all the elders hear his account and glorify God, then tell him of the report that he teaches Jews among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, and propose that he purify himself with four men under a vow and be at charges with them, restating what they had written about Gentile believers. Paul takes the men into the temple. Jews from Asia see him, stir the people and seize him, crying that he teaches against the people and the law and has brought Greeks into the temple, which the narrator explains as a supposition from having seen Trophimus with him in the city. He is dragged out, the doors are shut, and the chief captain comes with soldiers, binds him with two chains and has him carried up the stairs while the multitude cries away with him. Paul denies being the Egyptian, names himself a Jew of Tarsus and gets leave to speak to the people in the Hebrew tongue.
Cited passages: Acts 21:1, Acts 21:2, Acts 21:3, Acts 21:4, Acts 21:5, Acts 21:7, Acts 21:8, Acts 21:9, Acts 21:10, Acts 21:11, Acts 21:12, Acts 21:13, Acts 21:14, Acts 21:15, Acts 21:16, Acts 21:17, Acts 21:18, Acts 21:19, Acts 21:20, Acts 21:21, Acts 21:23, Acts 21:24, Acts 21:25, Acts 21:26, Acts 21:27, Acts 21:28, Acts 21:29, Acts 21:30, Acts 21:31, Acts 21:32, Acts 21:33, Acts 21:35, Acts 21:36, Acts 21:37, Acts 21:38, Acts 21:39, Acts 21:40
Acts 21 (KJV)
1And it came to pass, that after we were gotten from them, and had launched, we came with a straight course unto Coos, and the day following unto Rhodes, and from thence unto Patara:
2And finding a ship sailing over unto Phenicia, we went aboard, and set forth.
3Now when we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand, and sailed into Syria, and landed at Tyre: for there the ship was to unlade her burden.
4And finding disciples, we tarried there seven days: who said to Paul through the Spirit, that he should not go up to Jerusalem.
5And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our way; and they all brought us on our way, with wives and children, till we were out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, and prayed.
6And when we had taken our leave one of another, we took ship; and they returned home again.
7And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day.
8And the next day we that were of Paul’s company departed, and came unto Cæsarea: and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him.
9And the same man had four daughters, virgins, which did prophesy.
10And as we tarried there many days, there came down from Judæa a certain prophet, named Agabus.
11And when he was come unto us, he took Paul’s girdle, and bound his own hands and feet, and said, Thus saith the Holy Ghost, So shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man that owneth this girdle, and shall deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles.
12And when we heard these things, both we, and they of that place, besought him not to go up to Jerusalem.
13Then Paul answered, What mean ye to weep and to break mine heart? for I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus.
14And when he would not be persuaded, we ceased, saying, The will of the Lord be done.
15And after those days we took up our carriages, and went up to Jerusalem.
16There went with us also certain of the disciples of Cæsarea, and brought with them one Mnason of Cyprus, an old disciple, with whom we should lodge.
17And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly.
18And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present.
19And when he had saluted them, he declared particularly what things God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministry.
20And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord, and said unto him, Thou seest, brother, how many thousands of Jews there are which believe; and they are all zealous of the law:
21And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs.
22What is it therefore? the multitude must needs come together: for they will hear that thou art come.
23Do therefore this that we say to thee: We have four men which have a vow on them;
24Them take, and purify thyself with them, and be at charges with them, that they may shave their heads: and all may know that those things, whereof they were informed concerning thee, are nothing; but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, and keepest the law.
25As touching the Gentiles which believe, we have written and concluded that they observe no such thing, save only that they keep themselves from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from strangled, and from fornication.
26Then Paul took the men, and the next day purifying himself with them entered into the temple, to signify the accomplishment of the days of purification, until that an offering should be offered for every one of them.
27And when the seven days were almost ended, the Jews which were of Asia, when they saw him in the temple, stirred up all the people, and laid hands on him,
28Crying out, Men of Israel, help: This is the man, that teacheth all men every where against the people, and the law, and this place: and further brought Greeks also into the temple, and hath polluted this holy place.
29(For they had seen before with him in the city Trophimus an Ephesian, whom they supposed that Paul had brought into the temple.)
30And all the city was moved, and the people ran together: and they took Paul, and drew him out of the temple: and forthwith the doors were shut.
31And as they went about to kill him, tidings came unto the chief captain of the band, that all Jerusalem was in an uproar.
32Who immediately took soldiers and centurions, and ran down unto them: and when they saw the chief captain and the soldiers, they left beating of Paul.
33Then the chief captain came near, and took him, and commanded him to be bound with two chains; and demanded who he was, and what he had done.
34And some cried one thing, some another, among the multitude: and when he could not know the certainty for the tumult, he commanded him to be carried into the castle.
35And when he came upon the stairs, so it was, that he was borne of the soldiers for the violence of the people.
36For the multitude of the people followed after, crying, Away with him.
37And as Paul was to be led into the castle, he said unto the chief captain, May I speak unto thee? Who said, Canst thou speak Greek?
38Art not thou that Egyptian, which before these days madest an uproar, and leddest out into the wilderness four thousand men that were murderers?
39But Paul said, I am a man which am a Jew of Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city: and, I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people.
40And when he had given him licence, Paul stood on the stairs, and beckoned with the hand unto the people. And when there was made a great silence, he spake unto them in the Hebrew tongue, saying,
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Historical context
Two warnings are recorded before the arrest, one from disciples at Tyre said to be through the Spirit and one from Agabus introduced with the words thus saith the Holy Ghost. The text records that Paul went anyway and that the others stopped urging him, without saying which side was right. Agabus's words say the Jews at Jerusalem will bind the man and deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles; in the event the crowd seizes and beats him and the chief captain is the one who commands him bound with two chains. The narrator states plainly that the charge about bringing Greeks into the temple rested on their having seen Trophimus an Ephesian with him in the city and supposing it. Philip is identified as the evangelist and one of the seven, and his four daughters are said to prophesy without any of their words being given. The chief captain's guess that Paul is the Egyptian who led out four thousand murderers is his question, not a narrator's claim. Paul's own identification is that he is a Jew of Tarsus in Cilicia. The chapter ends in the middle of the scene, with the speech still to come.
Cited passages: Acts 21:4, Acts 21:8, Acts 21:9, Acts 21:10, Acts 21:11, Acts 21:12, Acts 21:13, Acts 21:14, Acts 21:27, Acts 21:28, Acts 21:29, Acts 21:30, Acts 21:32, Acts 21:33, Acts 21:38, Acts 21:39, Acts 21:40
Literary context
The journey is told as a chain of partings, each one slower than the last, with kneeling on the shore, a household stay at Cesarea and a prophet who acts out what is coming before saying it. The warnings set an expectation that the arrest then meets with a shift of hands: the prophecy speaks of binding and delivering to the Gentiles, and the narrative gives the binding to the Roman officer who takes Paul out of the crowd. Speech is repeatedly blocked and then granted. The multitude cries one thing and another so that the captain cannot learn the truth, the crowd shouts away with him, and the chapter closes with a great silence and Paul beginning to speak. The elders' anxiety about a report and the crowd's shout about the temple set the terms for the hearings that follow.
Cited passages: Acts 21:5, Acts 21:11, Acts 21:12, Acts 21:13, Acts 21:14, Acts 21:20, Acts 21:21, Acts 21:28, Acts 21:30, Acts 21:33, Acts 21:34, Acts 21:36, Acts 21:37, Acts 21:40
Key moments
- Warned at Tyre (Acts 21:4). Disciples tell Paul through the Spirit that he should not go up to Jerusalem.
- Agabus binds himself (Acts 21:11). The prophet takes Paul's girdle, binds his own hands and feet and declares what will happen.
- Ready to die at Jerusalem (Acts 21:13). Paul answers the weeping company that he is ready to be bound and to die for the name.
- The elders' proposal (Acts 21:23). James and the elders ask Paul to purify himself with four men who have a vow on them.
- Seized in the temple (Acts 21:27). Jews from Asia stir the people and lay hands on Paul in the temple.
- A supposition named (Acts 21:29). The narrator says the charge came from seeing Trophimus with Paul in the city.
- Silence on the stairs (Acts 21:40). Given leave, Paul beckons and speaks to the people in the Hebrew tongue.
For reflection
The disciples at Tyre speak through the Spirit that Paul should not go up, and Agabus says the Spirit foretells his binding, and Paul goes. What does this chapter leave unresolved about how a warning should be heard?
People in this chapter
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