The Early Church · New Testament
Acts 17
Acts 17: Thessalonica, Berea, and Paul's speech on Mars' hill
General context
Paul reasons out of the scriptures for three sabbath days in the synagogue at Thessalonica, and some believe along with many devout Greeks and chief women. Jews who do not believe gather a company, set the city in an uproar, assault the house of Jason and, failing to find Paul and Silas, drag Jason and other brethren before the city rulers, charging that they act contrary to the decrees of Cesar and say there is another king, Jesus. Security is taken of Jason and they are let go. The brethren send Paul and Silas by night to Berea, where the hearers receive the word readily and search the scriptures daily, and many believe. Jews from Thessalonica come and stir the people, so Paul is sent toward the sea while Silas and Timotheus stay. At Athens Paul's spirit is stirred by the idolatry of the city, and he disputes in the synagogue and daily in the market. Epicurean and Stoick philosophers bring him to Areopagus to hear the new doctrine. Standing on Mars' hill he speaks of an altar inscribed TO THE UNKNOWN GOD, says God made the world and does not dwell in temples made with hands, quotes their own poets, calls all men to repent and speaks of a day of judgment by a man raised from the dead. Some mock, others say they will hear again, and Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris and others believe.
Cited passages: Acts 17:1, Acts 17:2, Acts 17:3, Acts 17:4, Acts 17:5, Acts 17:6, Acts 17:7, Acts 17:9, Acts 17:10, Acts 17:11, Acts 17:12, Acts 17:13, Acts 17:14, Acts 17:15, Acts 17:16, Acts 17:17, Acts 17:18, Acts 17:19, Acts 17:22, Acts 17:23, Acts 17:24, Acts 17:26, Acts 17:28, Acts 17:30, Acts 17:31, Acts 17:32, Acts 17:33, Acts 17:34
Acts 17 (KJV)
1Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where was a synagogue of the Jews:
2And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath days reasoned with them out of the scriptures,
3Opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead; and that this Jesus, whom I preach unto you, is Christ.
4And some of them believed, and consorted with Paul and Silas; and of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and of the chief women not a few.
5But the Jews which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and set all the city on an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people.
6And when they found them not, they drew Jason and certain brethren unto the rulers of the city, crying, These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also;
7Whom Jason hath received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Cæsar, saying that there is another king, one Jesus.
8And they troubled the people and the rulers of the city, when they heard these things.
9And when they had taken security of Jason, and of the other, they let them go.
10And the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto Berea: who coming thither went into the synagogue of the Jews.
11These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.
12Therefore many of them believed; also of honourable women which were Greeks, and of men, not a few.
13But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was preached of Paul at Berea, they came thither also, and stirred up the people.
14And then immediately the brethren sent away Paul to go as it were to the sea: but Silas and Timotheus abode there still.
15And they that conducted Paul brought him unto Athens: and receiving a commandment unto Silas and Timotheus for to come to him with all speed, they departed.
16Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.
17Therefore disputed he in the synagogue with the Jews, and with the devout persons, and in the market daily with them that met with him.
18Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoicks, encountered him. And some said, What will this babbler say? other some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods: because he preached unto them Jesus, and the resurrection.
19And they took him, and brought him unto Areopagus, saying, May we know what this new doctrine, whereof thou speakest, is?
20For thou bringest certain strange things to our ears: we would know therefore what these things mean.
21(For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell, or to hear some new thing.)
22Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars’ hill, and said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious.
23For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
24God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;
25Neither is worshipped with men’s hands, as though he needed any thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;
26And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;
27That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us:
28For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.
29Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man’s device.
30And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent:
31Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.
32And when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked: and others said, We will hear thee again of this matter.
33So Paul departed from among them.
34Howbeit certain men clave unto him, and believed: among the which was Dionysius the Areopagite, and a woman named Damaris, and others with them.
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Historical context
The political charge at Thessalonica belongs to the accusers, who say the visitors act contrary to the decrees of Cesar and speak of another king; the narrator does not repeat it as a description. Jason is named without further identification, and the text does not say what the security taken of him required. The comparison between Berea and Thessalonica is the narrator's own, and the stated ground of it is daily searching of the scriptures. In the summary of Paul's synagogue preaching the sentence slips into first person, so that the reported content reads as speech about the Christ he preaches. At Athens Paul quotes an inscription and unnamed poets, and the text names neither the altar's makers nor the poets. Areopagus and Mars' hill both appear for the place where he speaks. The parenthesis about Athenians spending their time on new things is the narrator's aside. No dates are given.
Cited passages: Acts 17:2, Acts 17:3, Acts 17:5, Acts 17:6, Acts 17:7, Acts 17:9, Acts 17:11, Acts 17:13, Acts 17:19, Acts 17:21, Acts 17:22, Acts 17:23, Acts 17:28, Acts 17:34
Literary context
Three cities follow one shape: arrival, reasoning, a split response, then departure under pressure. The pattern is broken open at Athens, where the setting is a market and a hearing rather than a synagogue alone, and where the speech is given at length. The speech moves from an object Paul saw to the God he names, from making and giving to seeking and finding, and ends on judgment and resurrection, which is the point where the audience divides. Where Thessalonica answers with an uproar and Berea with daily searching, Athens answers with mockery, a postponement and a few named believers. The narrator ends the section not with a riot but with three responses laid side by side.
Cited passages: Acts 17:1, Acts 17:4, Acts 17:5, Acts 17:10, Acts 17:11, Acts 17:17, Acts 17:18, Acts 17:23, Acts 17:24, Acts 17:25, Acts 17:27, Acts 17:31, Acts 17:32, Acts 17:34
Key moments
- Three sabbaths of reasoning (Acts 17:2). Paul reasons with the Thessalonians out of the scriptures for three sabbath days.
- Jason dragged before the rulers (Acts 17:6). The crowd brings Jason and other brethren to the city rulers with a charge about another king.
- The Bereans search daily (Acts 17:11). The hearers at Berea receive the word readily and search the scriptures daily.
- Brought to Areopagus (Acts 17:19). Philosophers take Paul to Areopagus to hear what his new doctrine is.
- The unknown God declared (Acts 17:23). Paul points to an altar inscribed TO THE UNKNOWN GOD and says he declares that God to them.
- The hearing divides (Acts 17:32). At the mention of resurrection some mock and others say they will hear him again.
- Named believers at Athens (Acts 17:34). Dionysius the Areopagite, a woman named Damaris and others join Paul and believe.
For reflection
The Bereans are called more noble because they searched the scriptures daily to see whether those things were so. What would checking a claim that way cost you, and what would it give you?
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