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The Histories · Old Testament

2 Chronicles 32

2 Chronicles 32: Sennacherib's threat and Hezekiah's later years

General context

After these things Sennacherib king of Assyria enters Judah and camps against its fenced cities. Seeing that he intends to attack Jerusalem, Hezekiah has the fountains and brook outside the city stopped, strengthens the walls, makes weapons, and tells the people not to fear, because with Sennacherib is an arm of flesh but with them is the Lord; the people rest on his words. Sennacherib, besieging Lachish, sends servants to Jerusalem: Hezekiah is persuading them to die of famine and thirst, he has removed the high places and commanded one altar, and no god of any nation has delivered its people from Assyria, so how much less their God. Letters and shouting from below the wall add to the railing against the God of Jerusalem. Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz pray and cry to heaven. The Lord sends an angel who cuts off the mighty men and captains in the Assyrian camp; Sennacherib returns home in shame, and in the house of his god his own offspring kill him. In those days Hezekiah is sick to death, prays, and receives a sign, but his heart is lifted up and wrath comes on him and Judah; he humbles himself with Jerusalem, so the wrath does not fall in his days. He gains great riches and redirects the watercourse of Gihon to the west side of the city of David. When ambassadors from Babylon come to ask about the wonder done in the land, God leaves him to test what is in his heart. He is buried in the chief of the sepulchres of David's sons with honor from all Judah, and Manasseh reigns.

Cited passages: 2 Chronicles 32:1, 2 Chronicles 32:2, 2 Chronicles 32:4, 2 Chronicles 32:5, 2 Chronicles 32:7, 2 Chronicles 32:8, 2 Chronicles 32:9, 2 Chronicles 32:10, 2 Chronicles 32:11, 2 Chronicles 32:12, 2 Chronicles 32:15, 2 Chronicles 32:16, 2 Chronicles 32:17, 2 Chronicles 32:18, 2 Chronicles 32:19, 2 Chronicles 32:20, 2 Chronicles 32:21, 2 Chronicles 32:22, 2 Chronicles 32:23, 2 Chronicles 32:24, 2 Chronicles 32:25, 2 Chronicles 32:26, 2 Chronicles 32:27, 2 Chronicles 32:29, 2 Chronicles 32:30, 2 Chronicles 32:31, 2 Chronicles 32:32, 2 Chronicles 32:33

2 Chronicles 32 (KJV)

1After these things, and the establishment thereof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself.

2And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was purposed to fight against Jerusalem,

3He took counsel with his princes and his mighty men to stop the waters of the fountains which were without the city: and they did help him.

4So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all the fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, saying, Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water?

5Also he strengthened himself, and built up all the wall that was broken, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and repaired Millo in the city of David, and made darts and shields in abundance.

6And he set captains of war over the people, and gathered them together to him in the street of the gate of the city, and spake comfortably to them, saying,

7Be strong and courageous, be not afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude that is with him: for there be more with us than with him:

8With him is an arm of flesh; but with us is the Lord our God to help us, and to fight our battles. And the people rested themselves upon the words of Hezekiah king of Judah.

9After this did Sennacherib king of Assyria send his servants to Jerusalem, (but he himself laid siege against Lachish, and all his power with him,) unto Hezekiah king of Judah, and unto all Judah that were at Jerusalem, saying,

10Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria, Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide in the siege in Jerusalem?

11Doth not Hezekiah persuade you to give over yourselves to die by famine and by thirst, saying, The Lord our God shall deliver us out of the hand of the king of Assyria?

12Hath not the same Hezekiah taken away his high places and his altars, and commanded Judah and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall worship before one altar, and burn incense upon it?

13Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all the people of other lands? were the gods of the nations of those lands any ways able to deliver their lands out of mine hand?

14Who was there among all the gods of those nations that my fathers utterly destroyed, that could deliver his people out of mine hand, that your God should be able to deliver you out of mine hand?

15Now therefore let not Hezekiah deceive you, nor persuade you on this manner, neither yet believe him: for no god of any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his people out of mine hand, and out of the hand of my fathers: how much less shall your God deliver you out of mine hand?

16And his servants spake yet more against the Lord God, and against his servant Hezekiah.

17He wrote also letters to rail on the Lord God of Israel, and to speak against him, saying, As the gods of the nations of other lands have not delivered their people out of mine hand, so shall not the God of Hezekiah deliver his people out of mine hand.

18Then they cried with a loud voice in the Jews’ speech unto the people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to affright them, and to trouble them; that they might take the city.

19And they spake against the God of Jerusalem, as against the gods of the people of the earth, which were the work of the hands of man.

20And for this cause Hezekiah the king, and the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz, prayed and cried to heaven.

21And the Lord sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, they that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword.

22Thus the Lord saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and from the hand of all other, and guided them on every side.

23And many brought gifts unto the Lord to Jerusalem, and presents to Hezekiah king of Judah: so that he was magnified in the sight of all nations from thenceforth.

24In those days Hezekiah was sick to the death, and prayed unto the Lord: and he spake unto him, and he gave him a sign.

25But Hezekiah rendered not again according to the benefit done unto him; for his heart was lifted up: therefore there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem.

26Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the Lord came not upon them in the days of Hezekiah.

27And Hezekiah had exceeding much riches and honour: and he made himself treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for precious stones, and for spices, and for shields, and for all manner of pleasant jewels;

28Storehouses also for the increase of corn, and wine, and oil; and stalls for all manner of beasts, and cotes for flocks.

29Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance: for God had given him substance very much.

30This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all his works.

31Howbeit in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who sent unto him to enquire of the wonder that was done in the land, God left him, to try him, that he might know all that was in his heart.

32Now the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and his goodness, behold, they are written in the vision of Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.

33And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David: and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem did him honour at his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.

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Historical context

Sennacherib's words reach Jerusalem through his servants, through letters and through shouting from below the wall, while he himself is at Lachish; the chapter reports what they said and adds the narrator's judgment that they treated the God of Jerusalem like gods made by hands. The message's charge that Hezekiah removed high places and altars matches the destruction the previous chapter records. The angel's action is stated in one verse without numbers, and Sennacherib's killers are described only as those who came from his own bowels, in the house of his god. The chapter says Hezekiah was sick to death and was given a sign, but does not name the illness or the sign. The pride, the wrath and the humbling occupy three verses, and the narrator says the wrath did not come in Hezekiah's days, leaving open what came later. The Babylonian ambassadors ask about a wonder done in the land that the chapter does not identify, and the outcome of the test of his heart is not narrated. Two water works are described: stopping the fountains outside the city and bringing the upper watercourse of Gihon down to the west of the city of David. Isaiah the son of Amoz appears both as the one praying with the king and as the author of the vision that records his acts. No dates are given beyond after these things and in those days.

Cited passages: 2 Chronicles 32:9, 2 Chronicles 32:19, 2 Chronicles 32:12, 2 Chronicles 31:1, 2 Chronicles 32:21, 2 Chronicles 32:24, 2 Chronicles 32:26, 2 Chronicles 32:31, 2 Chronicles 32:3, 2 Chronicles 32:30, 2 Chronicles 32:20, 2 Chronicles 32:32, 2 Chronicles 32:1

Literary context

The chapter is a contest of speeches. Hezekiah's short address, an arm of flesh against the Lord our God, is answered by Sennacherib's long taunt, which names the nations' gods and ends by asking how much less Judah's God can deliver. The Assyrian words are given more space than anything else, and then the reply is a single verse: the king and the prophet pray, and an angel does the rest. The one who railed goes home in shame and dies in the house of his own god at the hands of his own offspring, so his argument about gods is turned back on him. The second half is compressed. Sickness, sign, pride, wrath and humbling are told in three verses, the phrase about a lifted heart recalling Uzziah and the warning to Amaziah, followed by a list of wealth and one more water project, and then a visit from Babylon whose result is withheld. The chapter ends with the honor of his burial, the opposite of his father Ahaz's exclusion from the sepulchres.

Cited passages: 2 Chronicles 32:8, 2 Chronicles 32:15, 2 Chronicles 32:20, 2 Chronicles 32:21, 2 Chronicles 32:25, 2 Chronicles 26:16, 2 Chronicles 25:19, 2 Chronicles 32:27, 2 Chronicles 32:31, 2 Chronicles 32:33, 2 Chronicles 28:27

Key moments

  1. The fountains stopped (2 Chronicles 32:4). The people block the springs and brook outside Jerusalem to deny water to Assyria.
  2. An arm of flesh (2 Chronicles 32:8). Hezekiah tells the people the Lord is with them, and they rest on his words.
  3. Sennacherib's taunt (2 Chronicles 32:15). The Assyrian message says no nation's god has delivered, so neither will Judah's.
  4. King and prophet pray (2 Chronicles 32:20). Hezekiah and Isaiah the son of Amoz cry to heaven.
  5. The angel and Sennacherib's end (2 Chronicles 32:21). An angel cuts down the Assyrian army and Sennacherib is killed by his own offspring at home.
  6. A lifted heart (2 Chronicles 32:25). After his healing Hezekiah grows proud, then humbles himself with Jerusalem.
  7. Left to be tried (2 Chronicles 32:31). When Babylon's envoys come, God leaves Hezekiah to test his heart.

For reflection

The narrator says God left Hezekiah during the Babylonian visit to try him and to know all that was in his heart, and then says nothing about what was found. Why might the account stop there, and what does the silence ask the reader to do with the earlier note about his lifted heart?

People in this chapter

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