The Gospels · New Testament
Mark 12
Mark 12: the vineyard, three questions, and a widow’s two mites
General context
Jesus tells of a man who planted a vineyard, let it to husbandmen and went away. Servants sent for fruit are beaten, wounded in the head and killed; the owner sends his wellbeloved son last, and the husbandmen kill him for the inheritance and cast him out. Jesus asks what the lord of the vineyard will do, and quotes the stone the builders rejected. The hearers know the parable is against them, want to seize him, fear the people and leave. Pharisees and Herodians are sent to catch him in his words with a question about tribute to Cesar; he asks for a penny, asks whose image and superscription it bears, and tells them to render to Cesar what is Cesar's and to God what is God's. Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, put the case of seven brothers and one wife; he tells them they err, not knowing the scriptures nor the power of God, says those who rise are as the angels, and cites God speaking in the bush as the God of the living. A scribe asks which commandment is first; Jesus answers with hearing Israel, loving God with all the heart, and loving one's neighbour; the scribe agrees and says it is more than burnt offerings, and Jesus tells him he is not far from the kingdom of God. After that no one dares ask anything. Jesus himself asks how the scribes call Christ the son of David, since David called him Lord. He warns against scribes who love long clothing and greetings and devour widows' houses. Sitting over against the treasury he watches the rich cast in much and a poor widow cast in two mites, and says she has given more, all her living.
Cited passages: Mark 12:1, Mark 12:2, Mark 12:3, Mark 12:4, Mark 12:5, Mark 12:6, Mark 12:7, Mark 12:8, Mark 12:9, Mark 12:10, Mark 12:11, Mark 12:12, Mark 12:13, Mark 12:14, Mark 12:15, Mark 12:16, Mark 12:17, Mark 12:18, Mark 12:19, Mark 12:20, Mark 12:21, Mark 12:22, Mark 12:23, Mark 12:24, Mark 12:25, Mark 12:26, Mark 12:27, Mark 12:28, Mark 12:29, Mark 12:30, Mark 12:31, Mark 12:32, Mark 12:33, Mark 12:34, Mark 12:35, Mark 12:36, Mark 12:37, Mark 12:38, Mark 12:39, Mark 12:40, Mark 12:41, Mark 12:42, Mark 12:43, Mark 12:44
Mark 12 (KJV)
1And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.
2And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.
3And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.
4And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.
5And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.
6Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.
7But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.
8And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
9What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.
10And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:
11This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
12And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.
13And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.
14And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Cæsar, or not?
15Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.
16And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Cæsar’s.
17And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Cæsar the things that are Cæsar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled at him.
18Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,
19Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man’s brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
20Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.
21And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.
22And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.
23In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.
24And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?
25For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.
26And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?
27He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.
28And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
29And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:
30And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.
31And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
32And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:
33And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.
34And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.
35And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?
36For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
37David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.
38And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,
39And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:
40Which devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.
41And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.
42And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.
43And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:
44For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.
This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.
Historical context
The narrator says the hearers knew the parable was spoken against them, so the application is the text's own, not an inference. The Sadducees are identified by their position, that there is no resurrection, and the question they ask is built on what they say Moses wrote. The Pharisees and Herodians are described by the narrator as sent to catch him in his words, and the coin's image and superscription is named as Cesar's by their own answer. Jesus attributes the words about the Lord and my Lord to David speaking by the Holy Ghost. The scribe who asks about the first commandment is not named and is the only questioner in the chapter whom Jesus commends. The widow is unnamed, and the sum is given as two mites, which make a farthing.
Cited passages: Mark 12:12, Mark 12:13, Mark 12:16, Mark 12:18, Mark 12:19, Mark 12:26, Mark 12:28, Mark 12:32, Mark 12:34, Mark 12:36, Mark 12:42, Mark 12:43
Literary context
The chapter is a run of challenges, and each ends with the challengers stopped: they go away, they marvel, they are told they greatly err, and at last no one dares ask. Then the direction reverses and Jesus asks the question. Have ye not read recurs as he turns each dispute back on the texts. The warning about scribes who devour widows' houses stands immediately before the scene at the treasury, so the narrator places a widow giving everything right after men accused of taking from widows. The measure is stated as a comparison rather than a total, since she gave of her want and the rich of their abundance.
Cited passages: Mark 12:1, Mark 12:5, Mark 12:8, Mark 12:10, Mark 12:12, Mark 12:17, Mark 12:24, Mark 12:26, Mark 12:27, Mark 12:34, Mark 12:35, Mark 12:37, Mark 12:38, Mark 12:40, Mark 12:41, Mark 12:42, Mark 12:44
Key moments
- The son killed (Mark 12:8). In the parable the husbandmen kill the owner’s son and cast him out of the vineyard.
- They knew it was against them (Mark 12:12). The hearers want to seize him but fear the people and go away.
- Whose image is this (Mark 12:16). He asks about the penny’s image and superscription and is told it is Cesar’s.
- God of the living (Mark 12:27). He answers the Sadducees from the words spoken in the bush.
- The first commandment (Mark 12:30). He names loving God with all the heart, soul, mind and strength as first.
- Not far from the kingdom (Mark 12:34). The scribe answers discreetly, and after that no one dares question him.
- Two mites (Mark 12:44). He says the widow cast in more than all the rest, since she gave all her living.
For reflection
The narrator puts the warning about devouring widows' houses directly before a widow giving all her living. What does that arrangement ask a reader to notice about the temple treasury?
People in this chapter
Also indexed here: