The Early Church · New Testament
Acts 8
Acts 8: scattering from Jerusalem, Philip in Samaria and on the Gaza road
General context
Saul consents to Stephen's death, and a great persecution scatters the church from Jerusalem through Judea and Samaria, with the apostles excepted. Devout men bury Stephen and make great lamentation. Saul goes house to house and commits men and women to prison. Those scattered preach wherever they go. Philip goes down to the city of Samaria, and the people give heed as unclean spirits come out and the palsied and lame are healed, and there is great joy in that city. Simon, who had used sorcery and was called the great power of God, believes and is baptized and stays with Philip. The apostles at Jerusalem send Peter and John, who pray and lay hands on the Samaritans so that they receive the Holy Ghost. Simon offers money for that power, and Peter answers that his money perish with him and tells him to repent and pray; Simon asks them to pray for him. An angel then sends Philip toward Gaza, where he meets a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace, reading Esaias in his chariot. Philip asks whether he understands, the eunuch asks of whom the prophet speaks, and Philip preaches Jesus to him. At water the eunuch asks what hinders his baptism and is baptized. The Spirit catches Philip away, the eunuch goes on rejoicing, and Philip is found at Azotus and preaches through the cities to Cesarea.
Cited passages: Acts 8:1, Acts 8:2, Acts 8:3, Acts 8:4, Acts 8:5, Acts 8:6, Acts 8:7, Acts 8:8, Acts 8:9, Acts 8:10, Acts 8:12, Acts 8:13, Acts 8:14, Acts 8:17, Acts 8:18, Acts 8:19, Acts 8:20, Acts 8:22, Acts 8:24, Acts 8:26, Acts 8:27, Acts 8:28, Acts 8:30, Acts 8:31, Acts 8:34, Acts 8:35, Acts 8:36, Acts 8:38, Acts 8:39, Acts 8:40
Acts 8 (KJV)
1And Saul was consenting unto his death. And at that time there was a great persecution against the church which was at Jerusalem; and they were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judæa and Samaria, except the apostles.
2And devout men carried Stephen to his burial, and made great lamentation over him.
3As for Saul, he made havock of the church, entering into every house, and haling men and women committed them to prison.
4Therefore they that were scattered abroad went every where preaching the word.
5Then Philip went down to the city of Samaria, and preached Christ unto them.
6And the people with one accord gave heed unto those things which Philip spake, hearing and seeing the miracles which he did.
7For unclean spirits, crying with loud voice, came out of many that were possessed with them: and many taken with palsies, and that were lame, were healed.
8And there was great joy in that city.
9But there was a certain man, called Simon, which beforetime in the same city used sorcery, and bewitched the people of Samaria, giving out that himself was some great one:
10To whom they all gave heed, from the least to the greatest, saying, This man is the great power of God.
11And to him they had regard, because that of long time he had bewitched them with sorceries.
12But when they believed Philip preaching the things concerning the kingdom of God, and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women.
13Then Simon himself believed also: and when he was baptized, he continued with Philip, and wondered, beholding the miracles and signs which were done.
14Now when the apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John:
15Who, when they were come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost:
16(For as yet he was fallen upon none of them: only they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.)
17Then laid they their hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost.
18And when Simon saw that through laying on of the apostles’ hands the Holy Ghost was given, he offered them money,
19Saying, Give me also this power, that on whomsoever I lay hands, he may receive the Holy Ghost.
20But Peter said unto him, Thy money perish with thee, because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money.
21Thou hast neither part nor lot in this matter: for thy heart is not right in the sight of God.
22Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee.
23For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity.
24Then answered Simon, and said, Pray ye to the Lord for me, that none of these things which ye have spoken come upon me.
25And they, when they had testified and preached the word of the Lord, returned to Jerusalem, and preached the gospel in many villages of the Samaritans.
26And the angel of the Lord spake unto Philip, saying, Arise, and go toward the south unto the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza, which is desert.
27And he arose and went: and, behold, a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch of great authority under Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem for to worship,
28Was returning, and sitting in his chariot read Esaias the prophet.
29Then the Spirit said unto Philip, Go near, and join thyself to this chariot.
30And Philip ran thither to him, and heard him read the prophet Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest?
31And he said, How can I, except some man should guide me? And he desired Philip that he would come up and sit with him.
32The place of the scripture which he read was this, He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and like a lamb dumb before his shearer, so opened he not his mouth:
33In his humiliation his judgment was taken away: and who shall declare his generation? for his life is taken from the earth.
34And the eunuch answered Philip, and said, I pray thee, of whom speaketh the prophet this? of himself, or of some other man?
35Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and preached unto him Jesus.
36And as they went on their way, they came unto a certain water: and the eunuch said, See, here is water; what doth hinder me to be baptized?
37And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
38And he commanded the chariot to stand still: and they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he baptized him.
39And when they were come up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught away Philip, that the eunuch saw him no more: and he went on his way rejoicing.
40But Philip was found at Azotus: and passing through he preached in all the cities, till he came to Cæsarea.
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Historical context
The Philip of this chapter is one of the seven named at 6:5, and the text keeps him apart from the apostles, who stay at Jerusalem when the others are scattered and who later send Peter and John to Samaria. The narrator says plainly that Simon himself believed also and was baptized, and the rebuke that follows is Peter's speech, not a narrator's verdict; the chapter ends Simon's part with his own request rather than with an outcome. The scripture the eunuch reads is identified as Esaias and the lines are printed at 8:32 and 8:33; his question of whom speaketh the prophet this is left as his own words. The eunuch is described by office and errand, of great authority under Candace queen of the Ethiopians and come to Jerusalem for to worship, and is not named. The text states that the Samaritans had been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus and that as yet the Holy Ghost was fallen upon none of them.
Cited passages: Acts 6:5, Acts 8:1, Acts 8:14, Acts 8:13, Acts 8:24, Acts 8:28, Acts 8:32, Acts 8:33, Acts 8:34, Acts 8:27, Acts 8:16
Literary context
The chapter sets a whole city beside one traveler, and both scenes turn on preaching followed by baptism. Joy marks each ending, great joy in that city at 8:8 and the eunuch going on his way rejoicing at 8:39. Money appears in both halves, once as the treasure the eunuch has charge of and once as the price Simon offers for the gift of God. The persecution that scatters the church is immediately made into the reason the word spreads, since they that were scattered abroad went every where preaching the word. The eunuch's two questions, how can I, except some man should guide me and what doth hinder me to be baptized, carry that scene forward rather than any speech from Philip, whose preaching the narrator reports without quoting.
Cited passages: Acts 8:5, Acts 8:8, Acts 8:39, Acts 8:27, Acts 8:18, Acts 8:20, Acts 8:1, Acts 8:4, Acts 8:31, Acts 8:36, Acts 8:35
Key moments
- The church scattered (Acts 8:1). Persecution scatters the believers through Judea and Samaria while the apostles stay in Jerusalem.
- Preaching where they land (Acts 8:4). Those who are scattered preach the word everywhere they go.
- Great joy in Samaria (Acts 8:8). Philip's preaching and healings bring great joy to the city of Samaria.
- Simon offers money (Acts 8:18). Seeing the Spirit given through the apostles' hands, Simon offers them money for the power.
- Thy money perish with thee (Acts 8:20). Peter refuses the offer and tells Simon the gift of God cannot be bought.
- Reading Esaias in the chariot (Acts 8:30). Philip runs to the chariot and asks the Ethiopian whether he understands what he reads.
- Baptized at the water (Acts 8:38). The chariot stops and Philip baptizes the eunuch.
For reflection
Peter tells Simon to repent and pray, and Simon asks Peter to pray for him instead. The chapter says nothing more about him. What do you make of an account that leaves that exchange unresolved?
People in this chapter
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