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The Early Church · New Testament

Acts 19

Acts 19: Ephesus, the sons of Sceva, and the uproar over Diana

General context

While Apollos is at Corinth, Paul comes to Ephesus and finds disciples who say they have not heard whether there be any Holy Ghost and were baptized unto John's baptism. They are baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus, the Holy Ghost comes on them when Paul lays hands on them, and they speak with tongues and prophesy; about twelve men in all. Paul speaks boldly in the synagogue three months, then separates the disciples and disputes daily in the school of one Tyrannus for two years, so that all in Asia hear. God works special miracles, and handkerchiefs and aprons from Paul's body are brought to the sick. Seven sons of Sceva, a chief of the priests, try to use the name of Jesus over evil spirits; the evil spirit answers that it knows Jesus and Paul but not them, and the man overcomes them so that they flee naked and wounded. Fear falls on all, many confess their deeds, and books of curious arts are burned at a counted price of fifty thousand pieces of silver. Paul purposes to pass through Macedonia and Achaia to Jerusalem and then to see Rome, and sends Timotheus and Erastus ahead. Demetrius, a silversmith who makes silver shrines for Diana, gathers the craftsmen over lost gain and the honour of the goddess, the city fills with confusion, Gaius and Aristarchus are seized, the crowd cries out for about two hours, and the townclerk quiets them, points them to the law and the deputies, warns that the day's uproar may be called in question, and dismisses the assembly.

Cited passages: Acts 19:1, Acts 19:2, Acts 19:3, Acts 19:4, Acts 19:5, Acts 19:6, Acts 19:7, Acts 19:8, Acts 19:9, Acts 19:10, Acts 19:11, Acts 19:12, Acts 19:13, Acts 19:14, Acts 19:15, Acts 19:16, Acts 19:17, Acts 19:18, Acts 19:19, Acts 19:21, Acts 19:22, Acts 19:24, Acts 19:25, Acts 19:26, Acts 19:27, Acts 19:28, Acts 19:29, Acts 19:30, Acts 19:32, Acts 19:34, Acts 19:35, Acts 19:38, Acts 19:40, Acts 19:41

Acts 19 (KJV)

1And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding certain disciples,

2He said unto them, Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.

3And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye baptized? And they said, Unto John’s baptism.

4Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus.

5When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.

6And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied.

7And all the men were about twelve.

8And he went into the synagogue, and spake boldly for the space of three months, disputing and persuading the things concerning the kingdom of God.

9But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.

10And this continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.

11And God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul:

12So that from his body were brought unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out of them.

13Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preacheth.

14And there were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jew, and chief of the priests, which did so.

15And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye?

16And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded.

17And this was known to all the Jews and Greeks also dwelling at Ephesus; and fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified.

18And many that believed came, and confessed, and shewed their deeds.

19Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver.

20So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.

21After these things were ended, Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, After I have been there, I must also see Rome.

22So he sent into Macedonia two of them that ministered unto him, Timotheus and Erastus; but he himself stayed in Asia for a season.

23And the same time there arose no small stir about that way.

24For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, which made silver shrines for Diana, brought no small gain unto the craftsmen;

25Whom he called together with the workmen of like occupation, and said, Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth.

26Moreover ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much people, saying that they be no gods, which are made with hands:

27So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at nought; but also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised, and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshippeth.

28And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

29And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul’s companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the theatre.

30And when Paul would have entered in unto the people, the disciples suffered him not.

31And certain of the chief of Asia, which were his friends, sent unto him, desiring him that he would not adventure himself into the theatre.

32Some therefore cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused; and the more part knew not wherefore they were come together.

33And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward. And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made his defence unto the people.

34But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

35And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter?

36Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet, and to do nothing rashly.

37For ye have brought hither these men, which are neither robbers of churches, nor yet blasphemers of your goddess.

38Wherefore if Demetrius, and the craftsmen which are with him, have a matter against any man, the law is open, and there are deputies: let them implead one another.

39But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly.

40For we are in danger to be called in question for this day’s uproar, there being no cause whereby we may give an account of this concourse.

41And when he had thus spoken, he dismissed the assembly.

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Historical context

Sceva is identified only as a Jew and chief of the priests, and his sons are not named. The exorcists are described as vagabond Jews who take the name upon themselves, and their formula names Jesus whom Paul preacheth. The valuation of the burned books is the narrator's report of what those who burned them counted. Demetrius's speech links his craft to the temple of Diana, and the townclerk's speech supplies the city's claim about the image which fell down from Jupiter; both are the speakers' words rather than the narrator's. Alexander is drawn out by the Jews and never gets to make his defence, and the text says nothing more about him. Paul is kept from entering the theatre by the disciples and by friends among the chief of Asia, so he does not appear in the assembly scene. The chapter marks lengths of time, three months and two years and a season, but no dates.

Cited passages: Acts 19:9, Acts 19:10, Acts 19:13, Acts 19:14, Acts 19:19, Acts 19:22, Acts 19:24, Acts 19:27, Acts 19:30, Acts 19:31, Acts 19:33, Acts 19:34, Acts 19:35

Literary context

The name of Jesus is the chapter's test. It works when spoken over the disciples at the start and when brought near the sick, and it fails in the mouths of men the spirit says it does not know. Money keeps the score: the burned books are counted at fifty thousand pieces of silver, Demetrius opens with the wealth the craft brings, and his fear for the goddess follows the fear for the trade. Two shouts fill the middle and end, the magnified name of the Lord Jesus after the exorcists flee, and Great is Diana of the Ephesians for about two hours in the theatre. The riot is settled by a city officer who never mentions the dispute's substance, only the law, the deputies and the danger of being called in question.

Cited passages: Acts 19:5, Acts 19:12, Acts 19:13, Acts 19:15, Acts 19:16, Acts 19:17, Acts 19:19, Acts 19:25, Acts 19:27, Acts 19:28, Acts 19:34, Acts 19:36, Acts 19:38, Acts 19:40

Key moments

  1. Disciples who had not heard (Acts 19:2). Men at Ephesus say they have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.
  2. Daily disputing at Tyrannus (Acts 19:9). Paul separates the disciples and disputes daily in the school of one Tyrannus.
  3. The evil spirit answers (Acts 19:15). The spirit says it knows Jesus and Paul and asks who the exorcists are.
  4. Books burned and counted (Acts 19:19). Those who used curious arts burn their books at a counted price of fifty thousand pieces of silver.
  5. Demetrius gathers the craftsmen (Acts 19:25). The silversmith calls the workmen together and speaks of the wealth their craft brings.
  6. Two hours of shouting (Acts 19:34). The crowd cries Great is Diana of the Ephesians for about the space of two hours.
  7. The townclerk dismisses them (Acts 19:41). After quieting the people the townclerk dismisses the assembly.

For reflection

Demetrius begins with the wealth the craft brings and then speaks of the goddess's honour. When an argument mixes the two, how would a hearer in that assembly tell which one is driving it?

People in this chapter

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