The Early Church · New Testament
Acts 10
Acts 10: Cornelius sends for Peter and the Spirit falls on Gentiles
General context
Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band at Cesarea, is described as devout, fearing God with all his house, giving much alms and praying always. In a vision about the ninth hour an angel tells him his prayers and alms have come up for a memorial before God and sends him to Joppa for Simon whose surname is Peter, lodging with Simon a tanner by the sea side. He sends two household servants and a devout soldier. The next day Peter prays on the housetop about the sixth hour, becomes hungry, falls into a trance, and sees a sheet let down holding all manner of beasts and fowls. A voice tells him to kill and eat; he refuses, saying he has never eaten anything common or unclean; the voice answers that what God has cleansed he must not call common. This happens three times. As Peter wonders, the men arrive and the Spirit tells him to go with them doubting nothing. They report what Cornelius was told. Peter travels with brethren from Joppa to Cesarea, where Cornelius has gathered kinsmen and near friends. Cornelius falls at his feet and Peter raises him. Peter says God has shown him not to call any man common or unclean, hears Cornelius out, and says God is no respecter of persons. He preaches Jesus of Nazareth, slain and hanged on a tree, raised the third day and seen by chosen witnesses. While he is still speaking the Holy Ghost falls on the hearers, the believers of the circumcision are astonished, and Peter asks whether any man can forbid water. He commands them to be baptized and stays some days.
Cited passages: Acts 10:1, Acts 10:2, Acts 10:3, Acts 10:4, Acts 10:5, Acts 10:6, Acts 10:7, Acts 10:9, Acts 10:11, Acts 10:13, Acts 10:14, Acts 10:15, Acts 10:16, Acts 10:19, Acts 10:20, Acts 10:22, Acts 10:23, Acts 10:24, Acts 10:25, Acts 10:26, Acts 10:28, Acts 10:33, Acts 10:34, Acts 10:38, Acts 10:39, Acts 10:40, Acts 10:41, Acts 10:44, Acts 10:45, Acts 10:47, Acts 10:48
Acts 10 (KJV)
1There was a certain man in Cæsarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band,
2A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway.
3He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius.
4And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God.
5And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname is Peter:
6He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do.
7And when the angel which spake unto Cornelius was departed, he called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually;
8And when he had declared all these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa.
9On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour:
10And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while they made ready, he fell into a trance,
11And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth:
12Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air.
13And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat.
14But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean.
15And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
16This was done thrice: and the vessel was received up again into heaven.
17Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean, behold, the men which were sent from Cornelius had made enquiry for Simon’s house, and stood before the gate,
18And called, and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there.
19While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee.
20Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.
21Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come?
22And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee.
23Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him.
24And the morrow after they entered into Cæsarea. And Cornelius waited for them, and had called together his kinsmen and near friends.
25And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him.
26But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man.
27And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were come together.
28And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.
29Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me?
30And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,
31And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God.
32Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee.
33Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God.
34Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:
35But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.
36The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord of all:)
37That word, I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judæa, and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;
38How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.
39And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree:
40Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly;
41Not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead.
42And he commanded us to preach unto the people, and to testify that it is he which was ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and dead.
43To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.
44While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.
45And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.
46For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,
47Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?
48And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.
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Historical context
Cornelius is placed by city and unit, a centurion of the band called the Italian band at Cesarea, and the text adds nothing about his background beyond his practice of prayer and almsgiving. The hours are the text's own markers: about the ninth hour for his vision, about the sixth hour for Peter's prayer, and his own statement that this began four days ago. The Spirit's words name three men, matching the two household servants and the soldier sent at 10:7. Peter's statement that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company with one of another nation is his own speech; no statute is quoted. His claim at 10:41 limits the appearances to witnesses chosen before of God. The chapter never says whether Cornelius or his household were circumcised; the complaint that the men were uncircumcised is made later, at 11:3.
Cited passages: Acts 10:1, Acts 10:2, Acts 10:3, Acts 10:9, Acts 10:30, Acts 10:19, Acts 10:7, Acts 10:28, Acts 10:41, Acts 11:3
Literary context
The chapter tells the same events more than once. The angel's instruction is given at 10:5-6, repeated by the messengers at 10:22, and told again by Cornelius himself at 10:32, and Peter's vision is retold in his own words at 11:5-10. The two visions are set in parallel and run toward each other until the men reach the gate while Peter is still puzzling over his. The phrase common or unclean appears in Peter's refusal and then again in his speech at Cesarea, where he applies it to people instead of food. Cornelius falls at Peter's feet and Peter answers, Stand up; I myself also am a man. The narrator breaks the sermon off mid-speech, saying the Holy Ghost fell while Peter yet spake these words, so the gift arrives before the baptism rather than after it.
Cited passages: Acts 10:5, Acts 10:22, Acts 10:32, Acts 11:5, Acts 10:17, Acts 10:14, Acts 10:28, Acts 10:25, Acts 10:26, Acts 10:44, Acts 10:47, Acts 10:48
Key moments
- An angel speaks to Cornelius (Acts 10:4). The angel tells Cornelius his prayers and alms have come up for a memorial before God.
- Kill, and eat (Acts 10:13). A voice tells Peter to rise, kill and eat from the sheet let down before him.
- Call not thou common (Acts 10:15). The voice answers Peter's refusal by saying what God has cleansed is not to be called common.
- Go with them doubting nothing (Acts 10:20). The Spirit tells Peter that three men are seeking him and that he sent them.
- I myself also am a man (Acts 10:26). Peter lifts Cornelius from his feet and refuses to be worshipped.
- No respecter of persons (Acts 10:34). Peter opens his speech by saying God shows no partiality between persons.
- The Spirit falls mid-speech (Acts 10:44). The Holy Ghost falls on the hearers while Peter is still speaking.
For reflection
The vision Peter sees is about beasts in a sheet, and the use he makes of it at Cesarea is about people. What in the chapter carries him from the one to the other?
People in this chapter
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