The Histories · Old Testament
Judges 3
Othniel, Ehud and Shamgar deliver Israel
General context
The remaining nations are described as testing Israel's obedience and teaching warfare to a generation without that experience. Israel lives among them, intermarries and serves their gods. After eight years under Chushan-rishathaim of Mesopotamia, the people cry to the Lord. Othniel receives the Lord's Spirit, defeats the oppressor and brings forty years of rest. Renewed wrongdoing is followed by eighteen years under Eglon of Moab, supported by Ammon and Amalek. Ehud, a left-handed Benjaminite son of Gera, brings the king a payment, dismisses its bearers and returns claiming a secret message. Alone with Eglon, he uses a concealed weapon to kill him, locks the chamber and escapes while servants delay entering. Ehud then summons Israel, takes the Jordan crossings and leads the killing of about ten thousand Moabite men. Moab is subdued and the land rests eighty years. A final notice credits Shamgar with killing six hundred Philistines with an ox-goad and delivering Israel.
Cited passages: Judges 3:1, Judges 3:2, Judges 3:3, Judges 3:4, Judges 3:5, Judges 3:6, Judges 3:7, Judges 3:8, Judges 3:9, Judges 3:10, Judges 3:11, Judges 3:12, Judges 3:13, Judges 3:14, Judges 3:15, Judges 3:16, Judges 3:17, Judges 3:18, Judges 3:19, Judges 3:20, Judges 3:21, Judges 3:22, Judges 3:23, Judges 3:24, Judges 3:25, Judges 3:26, Judges 3:27, Judges 3:28, Judges 3:29, Judges 3:30, Judges 3:31
Judges 3 (KJV)
1Now these are the nations which the Lord left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan;
2Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof;
3Namely, five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the Sidonians, and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon, from mount Baal-hermon unto the entering in of Hamath.
4And they were to prove Israel by them, to know whether they would hearken unto the commandments of the Lord, which he commanded their fathers by the hand of Moses.
5And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites, Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites:
6And they took their daughters to be their wives, and gave their daughters to their sons, and served their gods.
7And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, and forgat the Lord their God, and served Baalim and the groves.
8Therefore the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Chushan-rishathaim eight years.
9And when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord, the Lord raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother.
10And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and the Lord delivered Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushan-rishathaim.
11And the land had rest forty years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz died.
12And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the Lord: and the Lord strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, because they had done evil in the sight of the Lord.
13And he gathered unto him the children of Ammon and Amalek, and went and smote Israel, and possessed the city of palm trees.
14So the children of Israel served Eglon the king of Moab eighteen years.
15But when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord, the Lord raised them up a deliverer, Ehud the son of Gera, a Benjamite, a man lefthanded: and by him the children of Israel sent a present unto Eglon the king of Moab.
16But Ehud made him a dagger which had two edges, of a cubit length; and he did gird it under his raiment upon his right thigh.
17And he brought the present unto Eglon king of Moab: and Eglon was a very fat man.
18And when he had made an end to offer the present, he sent away the people that bare the present.
19But he himself turned again from the quarries that were by Gilgal, and said, I have a secret errand unto thee, O king: who said, Keep silence. And all that stood by him went out from him.
20And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting in a summer parlour, which he had for himself alone. And Ehud said, I have a message from God unto thee. And he arose out of his seat.
21And Ehud put forth his left hand, and took the dagger from his right thigh, and thrust it into his belly:
22And the haft also went in after the blade; and the fat closed upon the blade, so that he could not draw the dagger out of his belly; and the dirt came out.
23Then Ehud went forth through the porch, and shut the doors of the parlour upon him, and locked them.
24When he was gone out, his servants came; and when they saw that, behold, the doors of the parlour were locked, they said, Surely he covereth his feet in his summer chamber.
25And they tarried till they were ashamed: and, behold, he opened not the doors of the parlour; therefore they took a key, and opened them: and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth.
26And Ehud escaped while they tarried, and passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirath.
27And it came to pass, when he was come, that he blew a trumpet in the mountain of Ephraim, and the children of Israel went down with him from the mount, and he before them.
28And he said unto them, Follow after me: for the Lord hath delivered your enemies the Moabites into your hand. And they went down after him, and took the fords of Jordan toward Moab, and suffered not a man to pass over.
29And they slew of Moab at that time about ten thousand men, all lusty, and all men of valour; and there escaped not a man.
30So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel. And the land had rest fourscore years.
31And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel.
This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.
Historical context
The chapter gives different lengths for oppression and rest; it does not explain how all these periods relate to every region's chronology. Ehud's left hand and the weapon at his right thigh are explicit. His payment is a present in KJV, tribute in ASV and an offering in BBE. The return point near Gilgal is quarries in KJV/ASV and stone images in BBE. Verse 22's final wording varies sharply: KJV mentions dirt coming out, ASV says it came out behind, and the bundled BBE ends the clause unfinished. Those differences do not establish a single detailed anatomical or escape-route reconstruction. Shamgar's brief notice supplies parentage, weapon, enemy and a stated total, without a fuller career or length of rule.
Cited passages: Judges 3:8, Judges 3:9, Judges 3:10, Judges 3:11, Judges 3:14, Judges 3:15, Judges 3:16, Judges 3:17, Judges 3:18, Judges 3:19, Judges 3:20, Judges 3:21, Judges 3:22, Judges 3:23, Judges 3:24, Judges 3:25, Judges 3:26, Judges 3:29, Judges 3:30, Judges 3:31
Literary context
Othniel's compressed account closely follows wrongdoing, oppression, cry, deliverance and rest. Ehud's story expands the middle of that pattern into concealment, private speech, a closed room and delayed discovery. The servants' mistaken reading of the locked door gives Ehud time to escape. The narrative then moves from one ruler's death to a collective victory at the river crossings. Shamgar's single verse changes the pace again, supplying a brief additional deliverance without reproducing every element of the earlier sequence.
Cited passages: Judges 3:7, Judges 3:8, Judges 3:9, Judges 3:10, Judges 3:11, Judges 3:12, Judges 3:13, Judges 3:14, Judges 3:15, Judges 3:16, Judges 3:17, Judges 3:18, Judges 3:19, Judges 3:20, Judges 3:21, Judges 3:22, Judges 3:23, Judges 3:24, Judges 3:25, Judges 3:26, Judges 3:27, Judges 3:28, Judges 3:29, Judges 3:30, Judges 3:31
Key moments
- The Spirit comes upon Othniel (Judges 3:10). Othniel judges Israel and goes to war, with victory attributed to the Lord.
- Ehud is raised as a deliverer (Judges 3:15). The chapter names his father, tribe and left-handedness before the encounter with Eglon.
- Delayed discovery allows escape (Judges 3:26). Ehud gets away while the servants wait outside the locked chamber.
- Shamgar's brief notice (Judges 3:31). A single verse credits Shamgar with killing six hundred Philistines and delivering Israel.
For reflection
The three deliverance accounts differ greatly in the detail they preserve. How can you attend to what a short account actually gives without filling its gaps with an imagined life story?
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