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The Torah · Old Testament

Genesis 43

Benjamin goes to Egypt, and the brothers dine with Joseph

General context

With the grain exhausted and famine continuing, Jacob tells his sons to return to Egypt. Judah insists that Benjamin must go and promises to answer for bringing him back. Israel sends gifts, double money and Benjamin, asking God Almighty to grant them mercy. In Egypt, Joseph orders a meal when he sees Benjamin. The brothers fear that the returned money will be used to enslave them, so they explain it to the steward. He reassures them, says their God has given them treasure and that he received their money, and brings Simeon to them. When Joseph arrives, they present the gifts and bow. He asks about their father and blesses Benjamin. Overcome with feeling for his brother, Joseph withdraws to weep, then washes his face and returns. Joseph, the brothers and the Egyptians eat separately. The brothers marvel at being seated in birth order. Benjamin receives five times as much food as any of the others, and they drink and make merry with Joseph.

Cited passages: Genesis 43:1, Genesis 43:2, Genesis 43:3, Genesis 43:4, Genesis 43:5, Genesis 43:6, Genesis 43:7, Genesis 43:8, Genesis 43:9, Genesis 43:10, Genesis 43:11, Genesis 43:12, Genesis 43:13, Genesis 43:14, Genesis 43:15, Genesis 43:16, Genesis 43:17, Genesis 43:18, Genesis 43:19, Genesis 43:20, Genesis 43:21, Genesis 43:22, Genesis 43:23, Genesis 43:24, Genesis 43:25, Genesis 43:26, Genesis 43:27, Genesis 43:28, Genesis 43:29, Genesis 43:30, Genesis 43:31, Genesis 43:32, Genesis 43:33, Genesis 43:34

Genesis 43 (KJV)

1And the famine was sore in the land.

2And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy us a little food.

3And Judah spake unto him, saying, The man did solemnly protest unto us, saying, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.

4If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will go down and buy thee food:

5But if thou wilt not send him, we will not go down: for the man said unto us, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.

6And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell the man whether ye had yet a brother?

7And they said, The man asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your father yet alive? have ye another brother? and we told him according to the tenor of these words: could we certainly know that he would say, Bring your brother down?

8And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones.

9I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever:

10For except we had lingered, surely now we had returned this second time.

11And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds:

12And take double money in your hand; and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry it again in your hand; peradventure it was an oversight:

13Take also your brother, and arise, go again unto the man:

14And God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.

15And the men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.

16And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of his house, Bring these men home, and slay, and make ready; for these men shall dine with me at noon.

17And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into Joseph’s house.

18And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph’s house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.

19And they came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they communed with him at the door of the house,

20And said, O sir, we came indeed down at the first time to buy food:

21And it came to pass, when we came to the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, behold, every man’s money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight: and we have brought it again in our hand.

22And other money have we brought down in our hands to buy food: we cannot tell who put our money in our sacks.

23And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money. And he brought Simeon out unto them.

24And the man brought the men into Joseph’s house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.

25And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for they heard that they should eat bread there.

26And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.

27And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive?

28And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance.

29And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son.

30And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there.

31And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.

32And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians.

33And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marvelled one at another.

34And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin’s mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The journey follows the consumption of the grain bought on the first visit. Judah offers himself as guarantor for Benjamin's return. Israel sends a present of local products and double money, including what had come back in the sacks. At Joseph's house, the steward provides water for washing feet and fodder for the donkeys. The narrator identifies Benjamin as Joseph's brother and his mother's son. The meal is served at noon, with Joseph, the brothers and the Egyptians in separate groups. The narrator explains the Egyptian refusal to eat with Hebrews without supplying a history of the custom. The brothers are seated from oldest to youngest, and Benjamin's portion is five times that of any other brother.

Cited passages: Genesis 43:1, Genesis 43:2, Genesis 43:8, Genesis 43:9, Genesis 43:11, Genesis 43:12, Genesis 43:13, Genesis 43:15, Genesis 43:16, Genesis 43:23, Genesis 43:24, Genesis 43:25, Genesis 43:26, Genesis 43:27, Genesis 43:28, Genesis 43:29, Genesis 43:30, Genesis 43:31, Genesis 43:32, Genesis 43:33, Genesis 43:34

Literary context

The chapter moves from fear of another family loss to a meal shared under an identity still concealed. Judah's promise and Israel's appeal for mercy make Benjamin's journey possible. At the house, the brothers expect enslavement, but receive reassurance, Simeon and hospitality. Joseph's private tears disclose his attachment to Benjamin to the reader while he maintains his public composure. The ordered seating and unequal portions draw attention to the brothers' family relationships without revealing Joseph's identity to them. The chapter ends in drinking and merriment rather than in the punishment the brothers feared.

Cited passages: Genesis 43:3, Genesis 43:4, Genesis 43:5, Genesis 43:8, Genesis 43:9, Genesis 43:11, Genesis 43:12, Genesis 43:13, Genesis 43:14, Genesis 43:15, Genesis 43:16, Genesis 43:18, Genesis 43:19, Genesis 43:20, Genesis 43:21, Genesis 43:22, Genesis 43:23, Genesis 43:24, Genesis 43:29, Genesis 43:30, Genesis 43:31, Genesis 43:32, Genesis 43:33, Genesis 43:34

Key moments

  1. Judah guarantees Benjamin's return (Genesis 43:9). Judah promises to bear the blame if he does not bring Benjamin back to his father.
  2. Israel asks for mercy (Genesis 43:14). Israel asks God Almighty to grant mercy before the ruler and return both brothers.
  3. The steward reassures the brothers (Genesis 43:23). The steward tells them not to fear, speaks of their God giving treasure and brings Simeon to them.
  4. Joseph weeps in private (Genesis 43:30). Joseph goes to his room to weep after seeing Benjamin.

For reflection

How does the brothers' fear at the entrance to Joseph's house compare with what happens at the meal?

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