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The Prophets · Old Testament

Daniel 3

Daniel 3: the golden image and the burning fiery furnace

General context

Nebuchadnezzar makes a golden image sixty cubits high and six wide and sets it in the plain of Dura in the province of Babylon. He gathers the princes, governors, captains, judges, treasurers, counsellors, sheriffs and rulers of the provinces for its dedication. A herald commands all peoples, nations and languages to fall down and worship the image when the music sounds, on pain of being cast into a burning fiery furnace, and all the people do so. Certain Chaldeans accuse the Jews, naming Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego, whom the king set over the province's affairs, as men who neither serve his gods nor worship the image. The king in rage has them brought, asks whether it is true, and offers a second chance, asking who is the God that could deliver them from his hands. The three answer that their God is able to deliver them and will, but that even if not, they will not serve his gods or worship the image. Nebuchadnezzar orders the furnace heated seven times hotter and has mighty men bind and cast them in; the flame kills those who carry them up. The king then rises astonished, saying he sees four men loose and unhurt walking in the fire, the fourth like the Son of God. He calls the three out; the assembled officials see that the fire had no power on their bodies, hair or coats. Nebuchadnezzar blesses their God, decrees death for anyone who speaks against him, and promotes the three in the province of Babylon.

Cited passages: Daniel 3:1, Daniel 3:2, Daniel 3:4, Daniel 3:6, Daniel 3:7, Daniel 3:8, Daniel 3:12, Daniel 3:13, Daniel 3:15, Daniel 3:17, Daniel 3:18, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:22, Daniel 3:25, Daniel 3:27, Daniel 3:28, Daniel 3:29, Daniel 3:30

Daniel 3 (KJV)

1Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.

2Then Nebuchadnezzar the king sent to gather together the princes, the governors, and the captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up.

3Then the princes, the governors, and captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, were gathered together unto the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up; and they stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up.

4Then an herald cried aloud, To you it is commanded, O people, nations, and languages,

5That at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king hath set up:

6And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.

7Therefore at that time, when all the people heard the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and all kinds of musick, all the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshipped the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up.

8Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.

9They spake and said to the king Nebuchadnezzar, O king, live for ever.

10Thou, O king, hast made a decree, that every man that shall hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, shall fall down and worship the golden image:

11And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth, that he should be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.

12There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

13Then Nebuchadnezzar in his rage and fury commanded to bring Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. Then they brought these men before the king.

14Nebuchadnezzar spake and said unto them, Is it true, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, do not ye serve my gods, nor worship the golden image which I have set up?

15Now if ye be ready that at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the image which I have made; well: but if ye worship not, ye shall be cast the same hour into the midst of a burning fiery furnace; and who is that God that shall deliver you out of my hands?

16Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king, O Nebuchadnezzar, we are not careful to answer thee in this matter.

17If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king.

18But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

19Then was Nebuchadnezzar full of fury, and the form of his visage was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego: therefore he spake, and commanded that they should heat the furnace one seven times more than it was wont to be heated.

20And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace.

21Then these men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments, and were cast into the midst of the burning fiery furnace.

22Therefore because the king’s commandment was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego.

23And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery furnace.

24Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonied, and rose up in haste, and spake, and said unto his counsellors, Did not we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire? They answered and said unto the king, True, O king.

25He answered and said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God.

26Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, came forth of the midst of the fire.

27And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king’s counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them.

28Then Nebuchadnezzar spake, and said, Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, who hath sent his angel, and delivered his servants that trusted in him, and have changed the king’s word, and yielded their bodies, that they might not serve nor worship any god, except their own God.

29Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill: because there is no other God that can deliver after this sort.

30Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, in the province of Babylon.

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Historical context

The chapter gives no year and no link to the dream of chapter 2 beyond the image itself; the text does not say why the king makes it or whom it represents. The three men are called only by their Babylonian names throughout, the names given in chapter 1 to Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah, and Daniel does not appear in this chapter at all. The accusers are certain Chaldeans, and their charge rests on the men's appointment over the province recorded at the end of chapter 2. The description of the fourth figure is Nebuchadnezzar's own: he says the form is like the Son of God, and afterwards speaks of God having sent his angel; the narrator does not identify the figure. The three men's answer admits the possibility that God will not deliver them. The narrator states that the flame kills the men who carry the three up, a death the chapter does not return to. The king's closing decree threatens death and the ruin of houses for speaking against their God; it does not require worship of him. Nothing is said of the image after the rescue.

Cited passages: Daniel 3:1, Daniel 3:12, Daniel 3:8, Daniel 3:25, Daniel 3:28, Daniel 3:18, Daniel 3:22, Daniel 3:29

Literary context

Repetition carries the chapter. The list of officials is given twice, the list of instruments four times, and the phrase about the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up returns again and again, so the reader hears the machinery of the decree before anyone resists it. The three names are likewise repeated as a set at nearly every turn. The king's question, who is that God that shall deliver you, is answered first by the men's speech and then by the event, and the king himself supplies the closing answer when he says there is no other God that can deliver after this sort. Nebuchadnezzar's changed visage and renewed fury are matched by the furnace heated seven times more, and the excess kills his own men. The rescue is narrated through the king's eyes as he counts four where three were thrown. The chapter's shape recalls chapter 2: a royal decree threatening death, faithful Jews, and a king who ends by blessing their God and promoting them.

Cited passages: Daniel 3:3, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:14, Daniel 3:15, Daniel 3:29, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:25, Daniel 3:30, Daniel 2:48, Daniel 2:47

Key moments

  1. A golden image at Dura (Daniel 3:1). Nebuchadnezzar sets up an image sixty cubits high in the province of Babylon.
  2. Worship on pain of the furnace (Daniel 3:6). The herald announces that whoever does not bow will be cast into the furnace.
  3. Chaldeans accuse the three (Daniel 3:12). Accusers name Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego as refusing to worship.
  4. But if not (Daniel 3:18). The three tell the king they will not serve his gods even if not delivered.
  5. Cast into the furnace (Daniel 3:23). The three fall bound into the fire after the flame kills their handlers.
  6. Four men walking in the fire (Daniel 3:25). The king sees four loose and unhurt, the fourth like the Son of God.
  7. The king blesses their God (Daniel 3:28). Nebuchadnezzar blesses the God who sent his angel and promotes the three.

For reflection

The three men say their God is able to deliver them and will, and in the same breath say that even if he does not, they will not bow. What does it mean to answer a threat with both confidence and that 'but if not'?

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