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The Histories · Old Testament

Judges 18

Dan takes Micah's shrine and conquers Laish

General context

Dan sends five scouts from Zorah and Eshtaol to seek land. At Micah's house they recognize the Levite's voice and ask for divine counsel; he gives a favourable reply. They find Laish quiet, secure and isolated, then urge their people to attack. Six hundred armed Danites set out and take Micah's images, ephod and teraphim. They persuade the Levite to become priest for a tribe rather than one household, and he joins them gladly. Micah and his neighbours pursue, but threats and the Danites' greater strength force him to turn back. The Danites attack Laish, kill its people and burn it; no deliverer comes. They rebuild, settle and name the city Dan after their ancestor. The image is installed, and the final notices name Jonathan and his descendants as priests and place Micah's image alongside the period when God's house is at Shiloh.

Cited passages: Judges 18:1, Judges 18:2, Judges 18:3, Judges 18:4, Judges 18:5, Judges 18:6, Judges 18:7, Judges 18:8, Judges 18:9, Judges 18:10, Judges 18:11, Judges 18:12, Judges 18:13, Judges 18:14, Judges 18:15, Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17, Judges 18:18, Judges 18:19, Judges 18:20, Judges 18:21, Judges 18:22, Judges 18:23, Judges 18:24, Judges 18:25, Judges 18:26, Judges 18:27, Judges 18:28, Judges 18:29, Judges 18:30, Judges 18:31

Judges 18 (KJV)

1In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.

2And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

3When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

4And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.

5And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.

6And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the Lord is your way wherein ye go.

7Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man.

8And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?

9And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.

10When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.

11And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war.

12And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjath-jearim.

13And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.

14Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.

15And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him.

16And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.

17And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.

18And these went into Micah’s house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?

19And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?

20And the priest’s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.

21So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.

22And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah’s house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.

23And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?

24And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?

25And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.

26And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.

27And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.

28And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.

29And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.

30And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.

31And they set them up Micah’s graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The opening says Dan is still seeking an inheritance, while Joshua 19 already records a Danite lot and the capture of Leshem. These notices are not given an exact connecting chronology here. The scouts' divine-gift claim and the priest's favourable word belong to their speech, not a separately narrated command to seize Micah's shrine or kill Laish's people. Laish's lack of help is tied to distance and isolation. The final genealogy has Jonathan son of Gershom son of Manasseh in KJV, but son of Moses in ASV/BBE. KJV/ASV refer to the captivity of the land, while BBE refers to the ark's capture. Those differences are retained without imposing a date or resolving the ancestry by guesswork.

Cited passages: Judges 18:1, Judges 18:2, Judges 18:3, Judges 18:4, Judges 18:5, Judges 18:6, Judges 18:7, Judges 18:8, Judges 18:9, Judges 18:10, Judges 18:19, Judges 18:20, Judges 18:21, Judges 18:22, Judges 18:23, Judges 18:24, Judges 18:25, Judges 18:26, Judges 18:27, Judges 18:28, Judges 18:29, Judges 18:30, Judges 18:31, Joshua 19:40, Joshua 19:41, Joshua 19:42, Joshua 19:43, Joshua 19:44, Joshua 19:45, Joshua 19:46, Joshua 19:47, Joshua 19:48

Literary context

A search for territory absorbs a household shrine and its priest into a tribal project. The Levite's larger position comes at Micah's expense, and Micah's protest about the gods he made exposes the fragility of his earlier assurance. The repeated description of Laish as quiet and secure heightens the violence of the attack. The closing contrast with God's house at Shiloh locates the newly installed worship within a wider religious landscape.

Cited passages: Judges 18:1, Judges 18:2, Judges 18:3, Judges 18:4, Judges 18:5, Judges 18:6, Judges 18:7, Judges 18:14, Judges 18:15, Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17, Judges 18:18, Judges 18:19, Judges 18:20, Judges 18:21, Judges 18:22, Judges 18:23, Judges 18:24, Judges 18:25, Judges 18:26, Judges 18:27, Judges 18:28, Judges 18:29, Judges 18:30, Judges 18:31, Judges 17:13

Key moments

  1. The scouts seek reassurance (Judges 18:5). They ask the Levite whether their journey will prosper.
  2. The priest accepts the larger role (Judges 18:20). He gladly takes the objects and goes with the Danites.
  3. Micah turns back (Judges 18:26). Seeing that the Danites are too strong for him, he returns home.
  4. Laish is attacked (Judges 18:27). The armed party kills the quiet and secure inhabitants and burns the city.

For reflection

The Danites' strength leaves Micah unable to recover what they take, and Laish has no one to deliver it. How does the story change when you attend to those who lack the power to resist?

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