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The Histories · Old Testament

Joshua 4

Twelve stones for children who will ask

General context

At the Lord's command, Joshua appoints one man from each tribe to carry a stone from the Jordan to the night's lodging. The stones will prompt future children to ask what happened, and parents are to explain that the water stopped before the ark. The chapter also says Joshua sets twelve stones in the river where the priests stood. The priests remain until the commanded work is complete; armed men from Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh cross, about forty thousand ready for battle. When the priests leave the river, its water returns. Israel camps at Gilgal on the tenth day of the first month, and Joshua erects the stones brought out of the Jordan there. He connects the crossing with the Red Sea deliverance so all peoples may know the Lord's strength and Israel may fear him.

Cited passages: Joshua 4:1, Joshua 4:2, Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:4, Joshua 4:5, Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:10, Joshua 4:11, Joshua 4:12, Joshua 4:13, Joshua 4:14, Joshua 4:15, Joshua 4:16, Joshua 4:17, Joshua 4:18, Joshua 4:19, Joshua 4:20, Joshua 4:21, Joshua 4:22, Joshua 4:23, Joshua 4:24

Joshua 4 (KJV)

1And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the Lord spake unto Joshua, saying,

2Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,

3And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night.

4Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:

5And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the Lord your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:

6That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?

7Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the Lord; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.

8And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the Lord spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.

9And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.

10For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, until every thing was finished that the Lord commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over.

11And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the Lord passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people.

12And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:

13About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the Lord unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.

14On that day the Lord magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.

15And the Lord spake unto Joshua, saying,

16Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan.

17Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of Jordan.

18And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before.

19And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho.

20And those twelve stones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal.

21And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones?

22Then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.

23For the Lord your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the Lord your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over:

24That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the Lord, that it is mighty: that ye might fear the Lord your God for ever.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The account describes stones in two locations: twelve carried out and erected at Gilgal, and twelve set by Joshua in the river. The KJV, ASV and BBE all retain the river setting in verse 9. They should not be collapsed into a single location by silently dropping that statement. The force from the eastern tribes is approximately forty thousand, not an exact census of Israel's army. The date is given as the tenth day of the first month without a modern calendar conversion. The phrase unto this day belongs to the narrator's description of the river stones; it does not identify the date when that line was written.

Cited passages: Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:4, Joshua 4:5, Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:12, Joshua 4:13, Joshua 4:19, Joshua 4:20

Literary context

The question about the stones appears twice, first when they are ordered and again after they are placed at Gilgal. The memorial's meaning depends on an answer being passed between generations. The chapter retells parts of the crossing while tracking the stones and the priests, ending the river scene only when the water returns. The closing explanation reaches beyond Israel's children to all peoples of the earth, connecting a local marker with the stated purpose of making the Lord's power known.

Cited passages: Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:10, Joshua 4:11, Joshua 4:15, Joshua 4:16, Joshua 4:17, Joshua 4:18, Joshua 4:19, Joshua 4:20, Joshua 4:21, Joshua 4:22, Joshua 4:23, Joshua 4:24

Key moments

  1. A stone for each tribe (Joshua 4:5). Each appointed man carries a stone from the river on his shoulder.
  2. Stones in the river (Joshua 4:9). The narrator separately describes twelve stones set where the priests stood in the Jordan.
  3. The water returns (Joshua 4:18). The river resumes its flow when the priests step onto dry land.
  4. Gilgal becomes the place of explanation (Joshua 4:20). Joshua erects the stones brought from the river at Gilgal before explaining their purpose.

For reflection

The stones are meant to provoke a question, not explain themselves. What story needs to be told for a place or object your community preserves to keep its meaning?

People in this chapter

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