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The Prophets · Old Testament

Jeremiah 50

Jeremiah 50: the word against Babylon and the return of the lost sheep

General context

The word the Lord speaks against Babylon and the land of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah opens with a proclamation: Babylon is taken, Bel confounded, Merodach broken. A nation from the north will make her land desolate. In those days Israel and Judah will come together weeping, asking the way to Zion, to join the Lord in a perpetual covenant. His people have been lost sheep, led astray by their shepherds and devoured by adversaries who say they do no wrong. The people are told to leave Babylon like he goats before the flock, for great nations from the north will make Chaldea a spoil. Archers are told to spare no arrows: as she has done, do to her. Israel is a scattered sheep, devoured first by the king of Assyria and then broken by Nebuchadrezzar; the Lord will punish Babylon as he punished Assyria, bring Israel back to Carmel, Bashan, Ephraim and Gilead, and pardon those he reserves. The hammer of the whole earth is broken; Babylon was caught in a snare unaware because she strove against the Lord. Babylon is called most proud, and fire will devour her cities. A sword falls on the Chaldeans, their princes, wise men, mighty men, horses and treasures, and a drought on their waters; wild beasts and owls will dwell there and it will never be inhabited again, like Sodom and Gomorrah. A cruel people from the north comes roaring like the sea, the king of Babylon's hands go feeble like a woman in travail, and the earth moves at the noise of Babylon's taking.

Cited passages: Jeremiah 50:1, Jeremiah 50:2, Jeremiah 50:3, Jeremiah 50:4, Jeremiah 50:5, Jeremiah 50:6, Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:8, Jeremiah 50:9, Jeremiah 50:11, Jeremiah 50:12, Jeremiah 50:14, Jeremiah 50:15, Jeremiah 50:17, Jeremiah 50:18, Jeremiah 50:19, Jeremiah 50:20, Jeremiah 50:23, Jeremiah 50:24, Jeremiah 50:25, Jeremiah 50:28, Jeremiah 50:31, Jeremiah 50:33, Jeremiah 50:34, Jeremiah 50:35, Jeremiah 50:38, Jeremiah 50:39, Jeremiah 50:40, Jeremiah 50:42, Jeremiah 50:43, Jeremiah 50:46

Jeremiah 50 (KJV)

1The word that the Lord spake against Babylon and against the land of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah the prophet.

2Declare ye among the nations, and publish, and set up a standard; publish, and conceal not: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is confounded, Merodach is broken in pieces; her idols are confounded, her images are broken in pieces.

3For out of the north there cometh up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they shall remove, they shall depart, both man and beast.

4In those days, and in that time, saith the Lord, the children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together, going and weeping: they shall go, and seek the Lord their God.

5They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten.

6My people hath been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray, they have turned them away on the mountains: they have gone from mountain to hill, they have forgotten their restingplace.

7All that found them have devoured them: and their adversaries said, We offend not, because they have sinned against the Lord, the habitation of justice, even the Lord, the hope of their fathers.

8Remove out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he goats before the flocks.

9For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain.

10And Chaldea shall be a spoil: all that spoil her shall be satisfied, saith the Lord.

11Because ye were glad, because ye rejoiced, O ye destroyers of mine heritage, because ye are grown fat as the heifer at grass, and bellow as bulls;

12Your mother shall be sore confounded; she that bare you shall be ashamed: behold, the hindermost of the nations shall be a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert.

13Because of the wrath of the Lord it shall not be inhabited, but it shall be wholly desolate: every one that goeth by Babylon shall be astonished, and hiss at all her plagues.

14Put yourselves in array against Babylon round about: all ye that bend the bow, shoot at her, spare no arrows: for she hath sinned against the Lord.

15Shout against her round about: she hath given her hand: her foundations are fallen, her walls are thrown down: for it is the vengeance of the Lord: take vengeance upon her; as she hath done, do unto her.

16Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest: for fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people, and they shall flee every one to his own land.

17Israel is a scattered sheep; the lions have driven him away: first the king of Assyria hath devoured him; and last this Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon hath broken his bones.

18Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria.

19And I will bring Israel again to his habitation, and he shall feed on Carmel and Bashan, and his soul shall be satisfied upon mount Ephraim and Gilead.

20In those days, and in that time, saith the Lord, the iniquity of Israel shall be sought for, and there shall be none; and the sins of Judah, and they shall not be found: for I will pardon them whom I reserve.

21Go up against the land of Merathaim, even against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod: waste and utterly destroy after them, saith the Lord, and do according to all that I have commanded thee.

22A sound of battle is in the land, and of great destruction.

23How is the hammer of the whole earth cut asunder and broken! how is Babylon become a desolation among the nations!

24I have laid a snare for thee, and thou art also taken, O Babylon, and thou wast not aware: thou art found, and also caught, because thou hast striven against the Lord.

25The Lord hath opened his armoury, and hath brought forth the weapons of his indignation: for this is the work of the Lord God of hosts in the land of the Chaldeans.

26Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses: cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left.

27Slay all her bullocks; let them go down to the slaughter: woe unto them! for their day is come, the time of their visitation.

28The voice of them that flee and escape out of the land of Babylon, to declare in Zion the vengeance of the Lord our God, the vengeance of his temple.

29Call together the archers against Babylon: all ye that bend the bow, camp against it round about; let none thereof escape: recompense her according to her work; according to all that she hath done, do unto her: for she hath been proud against the Lord, against the Holy One of Israel.

30Therefore shall her young men fall in the streets, and all her men of war shall be cut off in that day, saith the Lord.

31Behold, I am against thee, O thou most proud, saith the Lord God of hosts: for thy day is come, the time that I will visit thee.

32And the most proud shall stumble and fall, and none shall raise him up: and I will kindle a fire in his cities, and it shall devour all round about him.

33Thus saith the Lord of hosts; The children of Israel and the children of Judah were oppressed together: and all that took them captives held them fast; they refused to let them go.

34Their Redeemer is strong; the Lord of hosts is his name: he shall throughly plead their cause, that he may give rest to the land, and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon.

35A sword is upon the Chaldeans, saith the Lord, and upon the inhabitants of Babylon, and upon her princes, and upon her wise men.

36A sword is upon the liars; and they shall dote: a sword is upon her mighty men; and they shall be dismayed.

37A sword is upon their horses, and upon their chariots, and upon all the mingled people that are in the midst of her; and they shall become as women: a sword is upon her treasures; and they shall be robbed.

38A drought is upon her waters; and they shall be dried up: for it is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols.

39Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wild beasts of the islands shall dwell there, and the owls shall dwell therein: and it shall be no more inhabited for ever; neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation.

40As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour cities thereof, saith the Lord; so shall no man abide there, neither shall any son of man dwell therein.

41Behold, a people shall come from the north, and a great nation, and many kings shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth.

42They shall hold the bow and the lance: they are cruel, and will not shew mercy: their voice shall roar like the sea, and they shall ride upon horses, every one put in array, like a man to the battle, against thee, O daughter of Babylon.

43The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail.

44Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan unto the habitation of the strong: but I will make them suddenly run away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time? and who is that shepherd that will stand before me?

45Therefore hear ye the counsel of the Lord, that he hath taken against Babylon; and his purposes, that he hath purposed against the land of the Chaldeans: Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall make their habitation desolate with them.

46At the noise of the taking of Babylon the earth is moved, and the cry is heard among the nations.

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Historical context

The heading names Babylon and the land of the Chaldeans as the object and Jeremiah as the one through whom the word came; no date appears in this chapter. Bel and Merodach are named as Babylon's gods. The attacker is described as a nation from the north, an assembly of great nations from the north country, and many kings from the coasts of the earth, and is not named here. Earlier in the book Nebuchadrezzar was called the Lord's servant and the instrument against Judah and the nations; this chapter turns the word against him, naming the king of Assyria as the first devourer of Israel and Nebuchadrezzar as the last. Merathaim and Pekod are printed as names of the enemy land without explanation. Israel and Judah are said to return together, and the pardon is for "them whom I reserve." Unlike the oracles on Egypt, Moab, Ammon and Elam, no restoration is promised to Babylon; the text says it will be no more inhabited for ever. The closing verses repeat, almost word for word, the lion, the questions and the earthquake from the word against Edom, with Babylon in Edom's place, and the Sodom and Gomorrah comparison is also shared with that oracle. "The vengeance of his temple" refers to the house of the Lord without describing its burning here. The chapter does not narrate Babylon's fall.

Cited passages: Jeremiah 50:1, Jeremiah 50:2, Jeremiah 50:3, Jeremiah 50:41, Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 50:17, Jeremiah 50:21, Jeremiah 50:4, Jeremiah 50:20, Jeremiah 46:26, Jeremiah 50:39, Jeremiah 50:44, Jeremiah 49:19, Jeremiah 50:40, Jeremiah 49:18, Jeremiah 50:28

Literary context

Judgment on Babylon and the return of Israel alternate, and sheep hold the two together: the people are lost sheep, a scattered sheep, he goats leading the flock out, and at the end the least of the flock draws Babylon's strong ones out. The sentence on Babylon is stated as exact return, "as she hath done, do unto her," and again "according to all that she hath done, do unto her." The formula "In those days, and in that time" introduces both the return to Zion and the pardon. The lament "How is the hammer of the whole earth cut asunder" gives Babylon a name for what it was. The phrase "A sword is upon" falls five times in three verses and is then followed by "A drought is upon her waters," so the last blow is not a weapon. The devourers are quoted excusing themselves, "We offend not, because they have sinned," and the charge answering them is gladness over the Lord's heritage. The woman in travail, used for other nations, is now the king of Babylon. The chapter opens with "Declare ye among the nations" and closes with a cry "heard among the nations," and the passage borrowed from Edom's oracle makes the greatest power fall under the same words as a small one.

Cited passages: Jeremiah 50:6, Jeremiah 50:17, Jeremiah 50:8, Jeremiah 50:45, Jeremiah 50:15, Jeremiah 50:29, Jeremiah 50:4, Jeremiah 50:20, Jeremiah 50:23, Jeremiah 50:36, Jeremiah 50:38, Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:11, Jeremiah 50:43, Jeremiah 50:2, Jeremiah 50:46, Jeremiah 49:19

Key moments

  1. Babylon is taken (Jeremiah 50:2). The nations are told to publish that Bel and Merodach are broken.
  2. Israel and Judah come weeping (Jeremiah 50:4). Both houses return together, asking the way to Zion.
  3. Lost sheep (Jeremiah 50:6). The Lord's people have been led astray by their shepherds and devoured.
  4. Assyria first, then Babylon (Jeremiah 50:17). Israel is a scattered sheep devoured by two kings in turn.
  5. The hammer broken (Jeremiah 50:23). Babylon, the hammer of the whole earth, is cut asunder.
  6. A sword upon the Chaldeans (Jeremiah 50:35). A litany of swords falls on Babylon's princes, wise men, horses and treasures.
  7. The king's hands feeble (Jeremiah 50:43). The king of Babylon hears the report and is seized with pangs like a woman in travail.

For reflection

Those who devoured Israel are quoted saying they do no wrong because Israel had sinned against the Lord. What changes when the people carrying out a judgment begin to use it as their own excuse?

People in this chapter

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