The Histories · Old Testament
1 Samuel 6
The ark returns to Israel
General context
After seven months, Philistine priests and diviners advise returning the ark with a guilt offering. A new cart and two cows separated from their calves become their proposed test of whether the Lord caused the affliction. The cows go directly to Beth-shemesh, where harvesters rejoice and offer sacrifices. The chapter ends with deaths among those who look into the ark and a request for the people of Kirjath-jearim to take it.
Cited passages: 1 Samuel 6:1, 1 Samuel 6:2, 1 Samuel 6:3, 1 Samuel 6:4, 1 Samuel 6:5, 1 Samuel 6:6, 1 Samuel 6:7, 1 Samuel 6:8, 1 Samuel 6:9, 1 Samuel 6:10, 1 Samuel 6:11, 1 Samuel 6:12, 1 Samuel 6:13, 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15, 1 Samuel 6:16, 1 Samuel 6:19, 1 Samuel 6:20, 1 Samuel 6:21
1 Samuel 6 (KJV)
1And the ark of the Lord was in the country of the Philistines seven months.
2And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, What shall we do to the ark of the Lord? tell us wherewith we shall send it to his place.
3And they said, If ye send away the ark of the God of Israel, send it not empty; but in any wise return him a trespass offering: then ye shall be healed, and it shall be known to you why his hand is not removed from you.
4Then said they, What shall be the trespass offering which we shall return to him? They answered, Five golden emerods, and five golden mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines: for one plague was on you all, and on your lords.
5Wherefore ye shall make images of your emerods, and images of your mice that mar the land; and ye shall give glory unto the God of Israel: peradventure he will lighten his hand from off you, and from off your gods, and from off your land.
6Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when he had wrought wonderfully among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed?
7Now therefore make a new cart, and take two milch kine, on which there hath come no yoke, and tie the kine to the cart, and bring their calves home from them:
8And take the ark of the Lord, and lay it upon the cart; and put the jewels of gold, which ye return him for a trespass offering, in a coffer by the side thereof; and send it away, that it may go.
9And see, if it goeth up by the way of his own coast to Beth-shemesh, then he hath done us this great evil: but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that smote us; it was a chance that happened to us.
10And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home:
11And they laid the ark of the Lord upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their emerods.
12And the kine took the straight way to the way of Beth-shemesh, and went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them unto the border of Beth-shemesh.
13And they of Beth-shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley: and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it.
14And the cart came into the field of Joshua, a Beth-shemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of the cart, and offered the kine a burnt offering unto the Lord.
15And the Levites took down the ark of the Lord, and the coffer that was with it, wherein the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone: and the men of Beth-shemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day unto the Lord.
16And when the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day.
17And these are the golden emerods which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering unto the Lord; for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Askelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one;
18And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the ark of the Lord: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua, the Beth-shemite.
19And he smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark of the Lord, even he smote of the people fifty thousand and threescore and ten men: and the people lamented, because the Lord had smitten many of the people with a great slaughter.
20And the men of Beth-shemesh said, Who is able to stand before this holy Lord God? and to whom shall he go up from us?
21And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kirjath-jearim, saying, The Philistines have brought again the ark of the Lord; come ye down, and fetch it up to you.
This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.
Historical context
The return counsel comes from Philistine religious advisers. Their gold offerings represent the afflictions and acknowledge the five rulers and their towns. Levites unload the ark in Joshua the Beth-shemite's field; the passage does not identify him as Joshua son of Nun. Verse 19 has a substantial numerical difference in the bundled translations: KJV and ASV include fifty thousand and seventy, while BBE gives seventy.
Cited passages: 1 Samuel 6:2, 1 Samuel 6:3, 1 Samuel 6:4, 1 Samuel 6:5, 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15, 1 Samuel 6:16, 1 Samuel 6:17, 1 Samuel 6:18, 1 Samuel 6:19
Literary context
The advisers recall Pharaoh's resistance as they urge the Philistines to give glory to Israel's God. The cows' direct journey answers the test their advisers proposed. Joy at the ark's return then gives way to grief and the question of who can stand before this holy God. Its arrival demands more than a celebration of recovered property.
Cited passages: 1 Samuel 6:6, 1 Samuel 6:7, 1 Samuel 6:8, 1 Samuel 6:9, 1 Samuel 6:10, 1 Samuel 6:11, 1 Samuel 6:12, 1 Samuel 6:13, 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15, 1 Samuel 6:19, 1 Samuel 6:20, 1 Samuel 6:21
Key moments
- Counsel to return the ark (1 Samuel 6:3). The advisers say to send a guilt offering with the ark.
- A test with two cows (1 Samuel 6:9). The Philistines propose judging the source of their trouble by the cart's route.
- A straight journey (1 Samuel 6:12). The cows head toward Beth-shemesh without turning aside.
- Harvesters rejoice (1 Samuel 6:13). People gathering wheat see the ark and rejoice.
- A question after judgment (1 Samuel 6:20). The people ask who is able to stand before the holy Lord God.
For reflection
What changes between the harvesters' first joy and their closing question about standing before the Lord? Let both responses shape your reading of the ark's return.
People in this chapter
Also indexed here:
- Joshua