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The Histories · Old Testament

1 Samuel 16

David anointed and brought to Saul's court

General context

The Lord sends Samuel to Jesse at Bethlehem to anoint a new king. Samuel is warned against judging by appearance, and David is brought from tending sheep after the other sons have passed before him. Samuel anoints him, and the Spirit of the Lord comes upon David. Saul, troubled after the Lord's Spirit departs from him, seeks a skillful musician. David enters his service and brings relief through his harp playing.

Cited passages: 1 Samuel 16:1, 1 Samuel 16:2, 1 Samuel 16:3, 1 Samuel 16:4, 1 Samuel 16:5, 1 Samuel 16:6, 1 Samuel 16:7, 1 Samuel 16:8, 1 Samuel 16:9, 1 Samuel 16:10, 1 Samuel 16:11, 1 Samuel 16:12, 1 Samuel 16:13, 1 Samuel 16:14, 1 Samuel 16:15, 1 Samuel 16:16, 1 Samuel 16:17, 1 Samuel 16:18, 1 Samuel 16:19, 1 Samuel 16:20, 1 Samuel 16:21, 1 Samuel 16:22, 1 Samuel 16:23

1 Samuel 16 (KJV)

1And the Lord said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Beth-lehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons.

2And Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the Lord said, Take an heifer with thee, and say, I am come to sacrifice to the Lord.

3And call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will shew thee what thou shalt do: and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee.

4And Samuel did that which the Lord spake, and came to Beth-lehem. And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest thou peaceably?

5And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice unto the Lord: sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice.

6And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the Lord’s anointed is before him.

7But the Lord said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the Lord seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the Lord looketh on the heart.

8Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, Neither hath the Lord chosen this.

9Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the Lord chosen this.

10Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The Lord hath not chosen these.

11And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are here all thy children? And he said, There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send and fetch him: for we will not sit down till he come hither.

12And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the Lord said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he.

13Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

14But the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him.

15And Saul’s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee.

16Let our lord now command thy servants, which are before thee, to seek out a man, who is a cunning player on an harp: and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand, and thou shalt be well.

17And Saul said unto his servants, Provide me now a man that can play well, and bring him to me.

18Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the Lord is with him.

19Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David thy son, which is with the sheep.

20And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

21And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; and he became his armourbearer.

22And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand before me; for he hath found favour in my sight.

23And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

Samuel fears Saul's reaction, and the Lord instructs him to take a heifer and invite Jesse to a sacrifice. The anointing takes place among David's brothers. At court David becomes Saul's armor-bearer as well as his musician. The narrator describes Saul's trouble as an evil spirit from the Lord; the account supplies a theological description, not a modern clinical diagnosis.

Cited passages: 1 Samuel 16:1, 1 Samuel 16:2, 1 Samuel 16:3, 1 Samuel 16:4, 1 Samuel 16:5, 1 Samuel 16:11, 1 Samuel 16:12, 1 Samuel 16:13, 1 Samuel 16:14, 1 Samuel 16:15, 1 Samuel 16:16, 1 Samuel 16:21, 1 Samuel 16:22, 1 Samuel 16:23

Literary context

Samuel's initial response to Eliab is corrected by the distinction between outward appearance and the heart. The narrative then moves from the anointed shepherd to the troubled king's household. Saul's search for relief brings into his service the young man the reader has already seen chosen, giving the court scene a significance Saul is not shown recognizing.

Cited passages: 1 Samuel 16:6, 1 Samuel 16:7, 1 Samuel 16:8, 1 Samuel 16:9, 1 Samuel 16:10, 1 Samuel 16:11, 1 Samuel 16:12, 1 Samuel 16:13, 1 Samuel 16:14, 1 Samuel 16:15, 1 Samuel 16:16, 1 Samuel 16:17, 1 Samuel 16:18, 1 Samuel 16:19, 1 Samuel 16:20, 1 Samuel 16:21, 1 Samuel 16:22, 1 Samuel 16:23

Key moments

  1. Samuel sent to Jesse (1 Samuel 16:1). The Lord directs Samuel to Bethlehem because a king has been provided among Jesse's sons.
  2. The heart seen (1 Samuel 16:7). The Lord corrects Samuel's judgment based on outward appearance.
  3. David anointed (1 Samuel 16:13). Samuel anoints David, and the Spirit of the Lord comes upon him.
  4. A place in Saul's service (1 Samuel 16:21). Saul loves David greatly and makes him his armor-bearer.
  5. Relief through music (1 Samuel 16:23). David plays the harp when Saul is troubled, and Saul is refreshed.

For reflection

What judgments in this chapter depend on appearance, and what does the reader learn that the people in the scene do not yet know?

People in this chapter

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