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The Histories · Old Testament

Joshua 7

Defeat at Ai and Achan's concealed taking

General context

The narrator reveals at once that Achan has taken devoted goods and that the Lord is angry with Israel. Unaware of the disclosed cause, Joshua sends a small force against Ai after the scouts' confident advice. About three thousand attack, flee and lose about thirty-six men. Joshua and the elders mourn before the ark; Joshua fears Israel's destruction and asks what the Lord will do for his great name. The Lord identifies covenant breach, theft and concealment and commands removal of the devoted thing. A narrowing selection through tribe, family and household reaches Achan, who confesses taking a Babylonian garment, two hundred shekels of silver and gold weighing fifty shekels. Messengers recover the objects from his tent. Achan, his children, animals and possessions are brought to Achor, where the account describes stoning and burning. A great stone heap marks the punishment, and the narrator says the Lord's anger turns away.

Cited passages: Joshua 7:1, Joshua 7:2, Joshua 7:3, Joshua 7:4, Joshua 7:5, Joshua 7:6, Joshua 7:7, Joshua 7:8, Joshua 7:9, Joshua 7:10, Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:12, Joshua 7:13, Joshua 7:14, Joshua 7:15, Joshua 7:16, Joshua 7:17, Joshua 7:18, Joshua 7:19, Joshua 7:20, Joshua 7:21, Joshua 7:22, Joshua 7:23, Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:25, Joshua 7:26

Joshua 7 (KJV)

1But the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing: for Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took of the accursed thing: and the anger of the Lord was kindled against the children of Israel.

2And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spake unto them, saying, Go up and view the country. And the men went up and viewed Ai.

3And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him, Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; and make not all the people to labour thither; for they are but few.

4So there went up thither of the people about three thousand men: and they fled before the men of Ai.

5And the men of Ai smote of them about thirty and six men: for they chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim, and smote them in the going down: wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water.

6And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the Lord until the eventide, he and the elders of Israel, and put dust upon their heads.

7And Joshua said, Alas, O Lord God, wherefore hast thou at all brought this people over Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us? would to God we had been content, and dwelt on the other side Jordan!

8O Lord, what shall I say, when Israel turneth their backs before their enemies!

9For the Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land shall hear of it, and shall environ us round, and cut off our name from the earth: and what wilt thou do unto thy great name?

10And the Lord said unto Joshua, Get thee up; wherefore liest thou thus upon thy face?

11Israel hath sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them: for they have even taken of the accursed thing, and have also stolen, and dissembled also, and they have put it even among their own stuff.

12Therefore the children of Israel could not stand before their enemies, but turned their backs before their enemies, because they were accursed: neither will I be with you any more, except ye destroy the accursed from among you.

13Up, sanctify the people, and say, Sanctify yourselves against to morrow: for thus saith the Lord God of Israel, There is an accursed thing in the midst of thee, O Israel: thou canst not stand before thine enemies, until ye take away the accursed thing from among you.

14In the morning therefore ye shall be brought according to your tribes: and it shall be, that the tribe which the Lord taketh shall come according to the families thereof; and the family which the Lord shall take shall come by households; and the household which the Lord shall take shall come man by man.

15And it shall be, that he that is taken with the accursed thing shall be burnt with fire, he and all that he hath: because he hath transgressed the covenant of the Lord, and because he hath wrought folly in Israel.

16So Joshua rose up early in the morning, and brought Israel by their tribes; and the tribe of Judah was taken:

17And he brought the family of Judah; and he took the family of the Zarhites: and he brought the family of the Zarhites man by man; and Zabdi was taken:

18And he brought his household man by man; and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was taken.

19And Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give, I pray thee, glory to the Lord God of Israel, and make confession unto him; and tell me now what thou hast done; hide it not from me.

20And Achan answered Joshua, and said, Indeed I have sinned against the Lord God of Israel, and thus and thus have I done:

21When I saw among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted them, and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.

22So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent; and, behold, it was hid in his tent, and the silver under it.

23And they took them out of the midst of the tent, and brought them unto Joshua, and unto all the children of Israel, and laid them out before the Lord.

24And Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan the son of Zerah, and the silver, and the garment, and the wedge of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his oxen, and his asses, and his sheep, and his tent, and all that he had: and they brought them unto the valley of Achor.

25And Joshua said, Why hast thou troubled us? the Lord shall trouble thee this day. And all Israel stoned him with stones, and burned them with fire, after they had stoned them with stones.

26And they raised over him a great heap of stones unto this day. So the Lord turned from the fierceness of his anger. Wherefore the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor, unto this day.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The place Ai is located near Beth-aven, east of Bethel. The stated numbers for the force and deaths are approximate. The selection is described as the Lord taking a tribe, family, household and man; the chapter does not explain a physical drawing mechanism. Achan's confession supplies the sequence of seeing, coveting, taking and hiding, and the search corroborates the location. His sons and daughters are expressly among those brought to the valley. KJV and ASV verse 25 move from stoning him to burning and stoning them, while BBE describes him being stoned and burned. The account does not say the children participated in the theft; an explanation based on their alleged complicity would add evidence it does not give.

Cited passages: Joshua 7:2, Joshua 7:3, Joshua 7:4, Joshua 7:5, Joshua 7:14, Joshua 7:15, Joshua 7:16, Joshua 7:17, Joshua 7:18, Joshua 7:20, Joshua 7:21, Joshua 7:22, Joshua 7:23, Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:25, Joshua 7:26

Literary context

The reader knows of Achan's taking before Joshua knows why the attack failed. That gap makes the scouts' confidence and Joshua's lament part of a search for an already disclosed cause. The divine response moves the focus from enemies outside Israel to concealment within the camp. Achan's hidden objects are brought into public view, and a lasting stone heap marks the punishment in the valley. The repeated language of trouble links the people's defeat, Joshua's sentence and the valley's name.

Cited passages: Joshua 7:1, Joshua 7:2, Joshua 7:3, Joshua 7:4, Joshua 7:5, Joshua 7:6, Joshua 7:7, Joshua 7:8, Joshua 7:9, Joshua 7:10, Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:12, Joshua 7:13, Joshua 7:19, Joshua 7:20, Joshua 7:21, Joshua 7:22, Joshua 7:23, Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:25, Joshua 7:26

Key moments

  1. The cause is disclosed to the reader (Joshua 7:1). Achan's taking and the Lord's anger are named before the failed attack.
  2. Hearts melt after defeat (Joshua 7:5). Israel's losses at Ai turn confidence into fear.
  3. Achan describes the hidden goods (Joshua 7:21). His confession gives both the objects and their place beneath the tent.
  4. The household is brought to Achor (Joshua 7:24). The account includes Achan's children, animals and possessions among those taken to the valley.
  5. A heap of stones remains (Joshua 7:26). The punishment ends with a memorial heap and the reported turning away of the Lord's anger.

For reflection

The story links one person's concealed taking with harm reaching others. How can a community investigate responsibility carefully without inventing guilt for people whose actions have not been established?

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