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The Torah · Old Testament

Genesis 18

Visitors, a promised son and an appeal for Sodom

General context

Abraham welcomes three visitors at Mamre and prepares a meal. A son is promised to Sarah, who hears from the tent and laughs within herself because of their old age. The Lord questions her laughter and repeats the promise; Sarah denies laughing because she is afraid. As the visitors turn toward Sodom, the Lord speaks of the grievous sin of Sodom and Gomorrah and his intention to investigate the outcry. Abraham asks whether the righteous will be destroyed with the wicked. His appeals move from fifty righteous people to ten, and the Lord agrees to spare the city if that number is found. The conversation ends before the outcome in Sodom is narrated.

Cited passages: Genesis 18:1, Genesis 18:2, Genesis 18:3, Genesis 18:4, Genesis 18:5, Genesis 18:6, Genesis 18:7, Genesis 18:8, Genesis 18:9, Genesis 18:10, Genesis 18:11, Genesis 18:12, Genesis 18:13, Genesis 18:14, Genesis 18:15, Genesis 18:16, Genesis 18:20, Genesis 18:21, Genesis 18:22, Genesis 18:23, Genesis 18:24, Genesis 18:25, Genesis 18:26, Genesis 18:28, Genesis 18:29, Genesis 18:30, Genesis 18:31, Genesis 18:32, Genesis 18:33

Genesis 18 (KJV)

1And the Lord appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day;

2And he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground,

3And said, My Lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant:

4Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:

5And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said.

6And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.

7And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.

8And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.

9And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.

10And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.

11Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.

12Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?

13And the Lord said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?

14Is any thing too hard for the Lord? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.

15Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.

16And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.

17And the Lord said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;

18Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?

19For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord, to do justice and judgment; that the Lord may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

20And the Lord said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous;

21I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know.

22And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the Lord.

23And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?

24Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?

25That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?

26And the Lord said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.

27And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes:

28Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it.

29And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty’s sake.

30And he said unto him, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there.

31And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty’s sake.

32And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten’s sake.

33And the Lord went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The opening is set at Mamre, beside a tent and tree in the heat of the day. Abraham offers water and rest, and the meal includes dairy and a prepared calf. Sarah listens from the tent; the narrator stresses the couple's age and that her menstrual periods have ceased. The chapter describes three visitors as men while also identifying the Lord's appearance and speech. It does not explain every visitor's identity. The successive numbers in Abraham's appeal are fifty, forty-five, forty, thirty, twenty and ten; the chapter does not report that ten righteous people were found.

Cited passages: Genesis 18:1, Genesis 18:2, Genesis 18:4, Genesis 18:6, Genesis 18:7, Genesis 18:8, Genesis 18:10, Genesis 18:11, Genesis 18:13, Genesis 18:14, Genesis 18:22, Genesis 18:24, Genesis 18:26, Genesis 18:28, Genesis 18:29, Genesis 18:30, Genesis 18:31, Genesis 18:32, Genesis 18:33

Literary context

The repeated running and haste make the welcome an active scene before the slower exchanges that follow. Sarah's inward laughter becomes the subject of the Lord's spoken question, followed by her denial and his reply. The move toward Sodom shifts the discussion from a household birth to judgment of a city. The Lord's words about Abraham teaching his household justice connect his promised future with this discussion. Abraham repeatedly frames his requests with humility, calling himself dust and ashes and asking the Lord not to be angry. His question about the Judge of all the earth doing right frames the repeated distinction between the righteous and the wicked. The closing departures leave the city's fate for what follows.

Cited passages: Genesis 18:2, Genesis 18:6, Genesis 18:7, Genesis 18:12, Genesis 18:13, Genesis 18:15, Genesis 18:16, Genesis 18:20, Genesis 18:21, Genesis 18:23, Genesis 18:24, Genesis 18:25, Genesis 18:27, Genesis 18:28, Genesis 18:29, Genesis 18:30, Genesis 18:31, Genesis 18:32, Genesis 18:33, Genesis 18:17, Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:19

Key moments

  1. Abraham welcomes the visitors (Genesis 18:2). Abraham sees three men, runs to meet them and bows toward the ground.
  2. The promise is repeated (Genesis 18:14). The Lord asks whether anything is too hard for him and repeats that Sarah will have a son.
  3. Abraham appeals to justice (Genesis 18:25). Abraham asks whether the Judge of all the earth will do right when considering the righteous and the wicked.
  4. The final appeal concerns ten (Genesis 18:32). Abraham asks whether ten righteous people might be found, and the Lord says he will spare the city for their sake.

For reflection

How does Abraham's question about the Judge of all the earth frame his repeated appeals for the city?

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