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The Prophets · Old Testament

Daniel 5

Daniel 5: the writing on the wall at Belshazzar's feast

General context

Belshazzar the king holds a feast for a thousand lords and, while tasting the wine, orders the gold and silver vessels his father Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem brought in, so that he, his princes, wives and concubines can drink from them while praising gods of gold, silver, brass, iron, wood and stone. In the same hour the fingers of a man's hand write on the plaster of the palace wall. The king's countenance changes, his knees knock, and he promises scarlet, a gold chain and third rule in the kingdom to whoever reads the writing; the wise men cannot. The queen enters and tells him of a man in whom is the spirit of the holy gods, Daniel, whom Nebuchadnezzar made master of the magicians. Daniel is brought in; the king asks if he is the Daniel of the captivity of Judah and repeats the offer. Daniel tells him to keep his gifts, recounts how the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar his kingdom and then drove him among the beasts until he knew that God rules, and charges Belshazzar with not humbling his heart though he knew all this, with drinking from the vessels of the Lord's house, and with praising gods that see not, hear not and know not. He reads MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN and interprets: God has numbered the kingdom and finished it, the king is weighed and found wanting, the kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians. Belshazzar has Daniel clothed in scarlet and proclaimed third ruler. That night Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans is slain, and Darius the Median takes the kingdom at about sixty-two years old.

Cited passages: Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:5, Daniel 5:6, Daniel 5:7, Daniel 5:8, Daniel 5:11, Daniel 5:12, Daniel 5:13, Daniel 5:17, Daniel 5:18, Daniel 5:21, Daniel 5:22, Daniel 5:23, Daniel 5:25, Daniel 5:26, Daniel 5:27, Daniel 5:28, Daniel 5:29, Daniel 5:30, Daniel 5:31

Daniel 5 (KJV)

1Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

2Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein.

3Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them.

4They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.

5In the same hour came forth fingers of a man’s hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king’s palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.

6Then the king’s countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another.

7The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.

8Then came in all the king’s wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.

9Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied.

10Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed:

11There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers;

12Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation.

13Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry?

14I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee.

15And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing:

16And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom.

17Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation.

18O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour:

19And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down.

20But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him:

21And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.

22And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;

23But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified:

24Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.

25And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.

26This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.

27TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.

28PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

29Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.

30In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.

31And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The chapter calls Nebuchadnezzar Belshazzar's father and Belshazzar his son, in the narrator's voice, in the queen's, in the king's own and in Daniel's; the text gives no further genealogy and no year for the feast. Belshazzar is called king of the Chaldeans at his death. The queen who enters is distinguished from the wives already at the feast, but the text does not say whose wife or mother she is. Belshazzar's question shows he knows Daniel only by report, and Daniel's office from Nebuchadnezzar's days is recalled by the queen, not shown as current. The writing is given as MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN, while the interpretation reads the last word as PERES; the text does not explain the difference. The kingdom is said to pass to the Medes and Persians, and the narrator then names Darius the Median as the one who takes it, with his age but no parentage; the manner of Belshazzar's death and the identity of those who kill him are not stated. Daniel's account of Nebuchadnezzar's humbling matches chapter 4 but adds that his dwelling was with the wild asses.

Cited passages: Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:11, Daniel 5:30, Daniel 5:10, Daniel 5:3, Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:25, Daniel 5:28, Daniel 5:31, Daniel 5:21

Literary context

The vessels carried off in chapter 1 return here as drinking cups, and the list of gods of gold, silver, brass, iron, wood and stone echoes the metals of the image in chapter 2 in a new key. The hand appears in the same hour as the praise, so the offence and the sign are tied together. The king's promise of scarlet, chain and third rule is spoken twice and fulfilled at the end, though Daniel first refuses it. The queen's speech and the king's question both approach Daniel through what Nebuchadnezzar did, and Daniel's own speech retells chapter 4 as the lesson Belshazzar knew and ignored. The three words are interpreted one by one, each opening with the word itself, and the sequence moves from numbered to weighed to divided. Belshazzar's knees knock at a sign he cannot read, a contrast with Nebuchadnezzar, who was warned twelve months before his fall. The chapter ends in two short sentences: the king slain that night, the kingdom taken. The pattern of failed wise men and Daniel called last repeats chapters 2 and 4.

Cited passages: Daniel 5:3, Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:5, Daniel 5:16, Daniel 5:17, Daniel 5:22, Daniel 5:26, Daniel 5:9, Daniel 5:30, Daniel 5:8, Daniel 1:2, Daniel 2:32, Daniel 4:29

Key moments

  1. Temple vessels at the feast (Daniel 5:2). Belshazzar orders the vessels from Jerusalem brought in for drinking.
  2. Fingers write on the wall (Daniel 5:5). A hand writes on the plaster and the king sees it.
  3. The queen remembers Daniel (Daniel 5:11). She tells the king of the man Nebuchadnezzar made master of the magicians.
  4. Daniel refuses the gifts (Daniel 5:17). Daniel declines the reward but agrees to read the writing.
  5. Thou knewest all this (Daniel 5:22). Daniel charges Belshazzar with ignoring his father's humbling.
  6. MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN (Daniel 5:25). Daniel reads the writing and interprets its three words.
  7. Belshazzar slain that night (Daniel 5:30). The king is killed and Darius the Median takes the kingdom.

For reflection

Daniel says Belshazzar knew all that happened to Nebuchadnezzar and still did not humble his heart. What is the difference between knowing a story like that and being changed by it?

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