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The Histories · Old Testament

1 Samuel 24

David spares Saul in the cave

General context

Saul enters a cave where David and his men are hiding. David's men present the opportunity as the Lord's provision, but David refuses to kill Saul and is troubled even after cutting a corner from his robe. He later shows Saul the cloth as evidence that he has spared him and appeals to the Lord for judgment. Saul weeps, acknowledges David's greater righteousness and future kingship, and asks him to preserve his descendants.

Cited passages: 1 Samuel 24:1, 1 Samuel 24:2, 1 Samuel 24:3, 1 Samuel 24:4, 1 Samuel 24:5, 1 Samuel 24:6, 1 Samuel 24:7, 1 Samuel 24:8, 1 Samuel 24:9, 1 Samuel 24:10, 1 Samuel 24:11, 1 Samuel 24:12, 1 Samuel 24:13, 1 Samuel 24:14, 1 Samuel 24:15, 1 Samuel 24:16, 1 Samuel 24:17, 1 Samuel 24:18, 1 Samuel 24:19, 1 Samuel 24:20, 1 Samuel 24:21, 1 Samuel 24:22

1 Samuel 24 (KJV)

1And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of En-gedi.

2Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats.

3And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet: and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave.

4And the men of David said unto him, Behold the day of which the Lord said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thine hand, that thou mayest do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul’s robe privily.

5And it came to pass afterward, that David’s heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul’s skirt.

6And he said unto his men, The Lord forbid that I should do this thing unto my master, the Lord’s anointed, to stretch forth mine hand against him, seeing he is the anointed of the Lord.

7So David stayed his servants with these words, and suffered them not to rise against Saul. But Saul rose up out of the cave, and went on his way.

8David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying, My lord the king. And when Saul looked behind him, David stooped with his face to the earth, and bowed himself.

9And David said to Saul, Wherefore hearest thou men’s words, saying, Behold, David seeketh thy hurt?

10Behold, this day thine eyes have seen how that the Lord had delivered thee to day into mine hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee: but mine eye spared thee; and I said, I will not put forth mine hand against my lord; for he is the Lord’s anointed.

11Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it.

12The Lord judge between me and thee, and the Lord avenge me of thee: but mine hand shall not be upon thee.

13As saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked: but mine hand shall not be upon thee.

14After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea.

15The Lord therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand.

16And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.

17And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.

18And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with me: forasmuch as when the Lord had delivered me into thine hand, thou killedst me not.

19For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore the Lord reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me this day.

20And now, behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand.

21Swear now therefore unto me by the Lord, that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my father’s house.

22And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men gat them up unto the hold.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

The pursuit is near En-gedi, with Saul leading three thousand chosen men. The cave encounter occurs when Saul enters to attend to a private need. David calls him the Lord's anointed and restrains his own men. At the end Saul goes home while David and his company return to the stronghold; their separate departures do not establish a permanent reconciliation.

Cited passages: 1 Samuel 24:1, 1 Samuel 24:2, 1 Samuel 24:3, 1 Samuel 24:4, 1 Samuel 24:5, 1 Samuel 24:6, 1 Samuel 24:7, 1 Samuel 24:20, 1 Samuel 24:21, 1 Samuel 24:22

Literary context

A secretly cut piece of clothing becomes David's public evidence that Saul's life was within reach. The men interpret opportunity as permission, while David distinguishes having power to kill from being willing to do it. His appeal leaves judgment with the Lord. Saul's tears and request for his household answer the speech without bringing David back into the king's service.

Cited passages: 1 Samuel 24:4, 1 Samuel 24:5, 1 Samuel 24:6, 1 Samuel 24:7, 1 Samuel 24:8, 1 Samuel 24:9, 1 Samuel 24:10, 1 Samuel 24:11, 1 Samuel 24:12, 1 Samuel 24:13, 1 Samuel 24:14, 1 Samuel 24:15, 1 Samuel 24:16, 1 Samuel 24:17, 1 Samuel 24:18, 1 Samuel 24:19, 1 Samuel 24:20, 1 Samuel 24:21, 1 Samuel 24:22

Key moments

  1. The robe cut (1 Samuel 24:4). David secretly cuts a corner from Saul's robe.
  2. David refuses to strike (1 Samuel 24:6). He says he will not stretch out his hand against the Lord's anointed.
  3. The cloth displayed (1 Samuel 24:11). David points to the robe fragment as proof that he did not kill Saul.
  4. Saul acknowledges the difference (1 Samuel 24:17). Saul says that David has rewarded his evil with good.
  5. An oath for the descendants (1 Samuel 24:22). David swears as Saul requests, then remains apart from him.

For reflection

What separates the interpretation offered by David's men from the decision David makes about the life in his power?

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