The Histories · Old Testament
Judges 16
Delilah's questioning, Samson's capture and his final act
General context
At Gaza, Samson visits a woman called a harlot and escapes an ambush by carrying away the city gates. Later he loves Delilah in the Sorek valley. Philistine rulers offer her silver to discover how to bind and subdue him. Three false answers fail: fresh bindings, new ropes and weaving his hair into a loom. Her continued pressure leads him to disclose his uncut hair and Nazirite status. She summons the rulers and a man to shave his hair while he sleeps. His strength leaves, and he does not know the Lord has departed. The Philistines blind him and imprison him at Gaza to grind. His hair begins growing again. At a celebration for Dagon they display him for amusement. Samson asks the Lord for strength and vengeance for his eyes, then brings down the supporting pillars, killing himself and those in the building. The narrator says he kills more in his death than during his life. His family buries him in Manoah's tomb, and his twenty years of judging are repeated.
Cited passages: Judges 16:1, Judges 16:2, Judges 16:3, Judges 16:4, Judges 16:5, Judges 16:6, Judges 16:7, Judges 16:8, Judges 16:9, Judges 16:10, Judges 16:11, Judges 16:12, Judges 16:13, Judges 16:14, Judges 16:15, Judges 16:16, Judges 16:17, Judges 16:18, Judges 16:19, Judges 16:20, Judges 16:21, Judges 16:22, Judges 16:23, Judges 16:24, Judges 16:25, Judges 16:26, Judges 16:27, Judges 16:28, Judges 16:29, Judges 16:30, Judges 16:31
Judges 16 (KJV)
1Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot, and went in unto her.
2And it was told the Gazites, saying, Samson is come hither. And they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.
3And Samson lay till midnight, and arose at midnight, and took the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with them, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders, and carried them up to the top of an hill that is before Hebron.
4And it came to pass afterward, that he loved a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah.
5And the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and said unto her, Entice him, and see wherein his great strength lieth, and by what means we may prevail against him, that we may bind him to afflict him: and we will give thee every one of us eleven hundred pieces of silver.
6And Delilah said to Samson, Tell me, I pray thee, wherein thy great strength lieth, and wherewith thou mightest be bound to afflict thee.
7And Samson said unto her, If they bind me with seven green withs that were never dried, then shall I be weak, and be as another man.
8Then the lords of the Philistines brought up to her seven green withs which had not been dried, and she bound him with them.
9Now there were men lying in wait, abiding with her in the chamber. And she said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he brake the withs, as a thread of tow is broken when it toucheth the fire. So his strength was not known.
10And Delilah said unto Samson, Behold, thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: now tell me, I pray thee, wherewith thou mightest be bound.
11And he said unto her, If they bind me fast with new ropes that never were occupied, then shall I be weak, and be as another man.
12Delilah therefore took new ropes, and bound him therewith, and said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And there were liers in wait abiding in the chamber. And he brake them from off his arms like a thread.
13And Delilah said unto Samson, Hitherto thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: tell me wherewith thou mightest be bound. And he said unto her, If thou weavest the seven locks of my head with the web.
14And she fastened it with the pin, and said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awaked out of his sleep, and went away with the pin of the beam, and with the web.
15And she said unto him, How canst thou say, I love thee, when thine heart is not with me? thou hast mocked me these three times, and hast not told me wherein thy great strength lieth.
16And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words, and urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto death;
17That he told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother’s womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall become weak, and be like any other man.
18And when Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, she sent and called for the lords of the Philistines, saying, Come up this once, for he hath shewed me all his heart. Then the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and brought money in their hand.
19And she made him sleep upon her knees; and she called for a man, and she caused him to shave off the seven locks of his head; and she began to afflict him, and his strength went from him.
20And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awoke out of his sleep, and said, I will go out as at other times before, and shake myself. And he wist not that the Lord was departed from him.
21But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters of brass; and he did grind in the prison house.
22Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven.
23Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand.
24And when the people saw him, they praised their god: for they said, Our god hath delivered into our hands our enemy, and the destroyer of our country, which slew many of us.
25And it came to pass, when their hearts were merry, that they said, Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. And they called for Samson out of the prison house; and he made them sport: and they set him between the pillars.
26And Samson said unto the lad that held him by the hand, Suffer me that I may feel the pillars whereupon the house standeth, that I may lean upon them.
27Now the house was full of men and women; and all the lords of the Philistines were there; and there were upon the roof about three thousand men and women, that beheld while Samson made sport.
28And Samson called unto the Lord, and said, O Lord God, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.
29And Samson took hold of the two middle pillars upon which the house stood, and on which it was borne up, of the one with his right hand, and of the other with his left.
30And Samson said, Let me die with the Philistines. And he bowed himself with all his might; and the house fell upon the lords, and upon all the people that were therein. So the dead which he slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life.
31Then his brethren and all the house of his father came down, and took him, and brought him up, and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the buryingplace of Manoah his father. And he judged Israel twenty years.
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Historical context
The Gaza woman, Samson's earlier wife and Delilah are distinct figures. This chapter names Delilah but does not call her a harlot, give her ethnicity or say she is Samson's wife. Each ruler offers eleven hundred silver pieces; the number of participating rulers is not stated here, so no total payment is calculated. At 16:19 KJV and BBE have Delilah call a man and cause or have the hair cut; ASV says she called a man and shaved the seven locks. All include her arranging the loss of the hair. The narrator adds the Lord's departure to Samson's own hair explanation. About three thousand spectators are on the roof, not an exact total for everyone killed. The twenty-year notice repeats the one at 15:20 rather than establishing forty years.
Cited passages: Judges 16:1, Judges 16:2, Judges 16:3, Judges 16:4, Judges 16:5, Judges 16:17, Judges 16:18, Judges 16:19, Judges 16:20, Judges 16:21, Judges 16:22, Judges 16:27, Judges 16:28, Judges 16:29, Judges 16:30, Judges 16:31, Judges 15:20
Literary context
The repeated bindings and warnings establish a pattern that Samson expects to survive again. His disclosure breaks that pattern, and the narrator tells the reader what he does not know about the Lord's departure. Sight and control are lost; the final scene has the captive led by a boy asking to feel the pillars. Philistine praise of Dagon is followed by Samson's appeal to the Lord, while the closing death toll and family burial retain the cost of the final act.
Cited passages: Judges 16:6, Judges 16:7, Judges 16:8, Judges 16:9, Judges 16:10, Judges 16:11, Judges 16:12, Judges 16:13, Judges 16:14, Judges 16:15, Judges 16:16, Judges 16:17, Judges 16:18, Judges 16:19, Judges 16:20, Judges 16:21, Judges 16:22, Judges 16:23, Judges 16:24, Judges 16:25, Judges 16:26, Judges 16:27, Judges 16:28, Judges 16:29, Judges 16:30, Judges 16:31
Key moments
- Delilah receives the proposal (Judges 16:5). The rulers offer each one's silver payment for discovering how Samson can be subdued.
- Samson discloses the hair condition (Judges 16:17). He connects his uncut hair with being a Nazirite from the womb.
- He does not know the Lord has departed (Judges 16:20). The narrator distinguishes Samson's expectation from his actual condition.
- His final appeal (Judges 16:28). He asks the Lord to remember and strengthen him, explicitly seeking vengeance for his eyes.
For reflection
Samson expects the next encounter to end like the previous ones. What can be missed when past escape becomes the basis for assuming that nothing has changed?
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