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The Histories · Old Testament

Judges 13

Samson's birth is announced to Manoah's wife

General context

During forty years of Philistine rule, the Lord's angel appears to Manoah's childless wife and announces a son. She must avoid wine, strong drink and unclean food; the boy is to have no razor upon his head and be a Nazirite from the womb. He will begin Israel's deliverance from the Philistines. She reports the encounter to Manoah, who asks for further instruction. The angel returns to her, and she brings her husband to him. His answer repeats the instructions given to the woman. He declines their proposed meal and directs any burnt offering to the Lord. When the offering's flame rises, the angel ascends in it. Manoah fears they will die after seeing God, but his wife reasons that the accepted offering and promised child contradict that conclusion. She bears and names Samson; he grows under the Lord's blessing, and the Spirit begins to move him between Zorah and Eshtaol.

Cited passages: Judges 13:1, Judges 13:2, Judges 13:3, Judges 13:4, Judges 13:5, Judges 13:6, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:8, Judges 13:9, Judges 13:10, Judges 13:11, Judges 13:12, Judges 13:13, Judges 13:14, Judges 13:15, Judges 13:16, Judges 13:17, Judges 13:18, Judges 13:19, Judges 13:20, Judges 13:21, Judges 13:22, Judges 13:23, Judges 13:24, Judges 13:25

Judges 13 (KJV)

1And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.

2And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not.

3And the angel of the Lord appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son.

4Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing:

5For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.

6Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, A man of God came unto me, and his countenance was like the countenance of an angel of God, very terrible: but I asked him not whence he was, neither told he me his name:

7But he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the womb to the day of his death.

8Then Manoah intreated the Lord, and said, O my Lord, let the man of God which thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do unto the child that shall be born.

9And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her husband was not with her.

10And the woman made haste, and ran, and shewed her husband, and said unto him, Behold, the man hath appeared unto me, that came unto me the other day.

11And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, and said unto him, Art thou the man that spakest unto the woman? And he said, I am.

12And Manoah said, Now let thy words come to pass. How shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him?

13And the angel of the Lord said unto Manoah, Of all that I said unto the woman let her beware.

14She may not eat of any thing that cometh of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing: all that I commanded her let her observe.

15And Manoah said unto the angel of the Lord, I pray thee, let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.

16And the angel of the Lord said unto Manoah, Though thou detain me, I will not eat of thy bread: and if thou wilt offer a burnt offering, thou must offer it unto the Lord. For Manoah knew not that he was an angel of the Lord.

17And Manoah said unto the angel of the Lord, What is thy name, that when thy sayings come to pass we may do thee honour?

18And the angel of the Lord said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?

19So Manoah took a kid with a meat offering, and offered it upon a rock unto the Lord: and the angel did wondrously; and Manoah and his wife looked on.

20For it came to pass, when the flame went up toward heaven from off the altar, that the angel of the Lord ascended in the flame of the altar. And Manoah and his wife looked on it, and fell on their faces to the ground.

21But the angel of the Lord did no more appear to Manoah and to his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was an angel of the Lord.

22And Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we have seen God.

23But his wife said unto him, If the Lord were pleased to kill us, he would not have received a burnt offering and a meat offering at our hands, neither would he have shewed us all these things, nor would as at this time have told us such things as these.

24And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the child grew, and the Lord blessed him.

25And the Spirit of the Lord began to move him at times in the camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.

This page shows the King James Version. In the app, reading opens in the Berean Standard Bible unless you have chosen another translation. The reader includes five translations: the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), the King James Version (KJV), the World English Bible (WEB), the Bible in Basic English (BBE), and the American Standard Version (ASV). Search covers three of them: Berean Standard, King James, and World English. Basic English and American Standard readers search the King James words.

Historical context

Manoah is a Danite from Zorah, while his wife remains unnamed. The first message and the return visit both come to her before Manoah joins. The child's separation is announced before birth and described as lifelong in her report, rather than as a voluntary vow he makes as an adult. The promise says he will begin deliverance, not complete the removal of Philistine rule. The angel's name is secret in KJV and wonderful or a wonder in ASV/BBE; no personal name or further identity is supplied. The woman's answer to Manoah is her stated reasoning from the events, not a new oracle spoken by the messenger.

Cited passages: Judges 13:2, Judges 13:3, Judges 13:4, Judges 13:5, Judges 13:6, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:8, Judges 13:9, Judges 13:10, Judges 13:11, Judges 13:12, Judges 13:13, Judges 13:14, Judges 13:16, Judges 13:17, Judges 13:18, Judges 13:19, Judges 13:20, Judges 13:21, Judges 13:22, Judges 13:23, Judges 13:24, Judges 13:25

Literary context

The unnamed wife receives, reports and helps interpret the message. Manoah's repeated questions lead back to instructions she has already heard. The offering changes his recognition of the visitor, but his fear is answered by her attention to what the promise entails. The closing birth and early movement of the Spirit answer the announcement while leaving the promised deliverance ahead.

Cited passages: Judges 13:3, Judges 13:4, Judges 13:5, Judges 13:6, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:8, Judges 13:9, Judges 13:10, Judges 13:11, Judges 13:12, Judges 13:13, Judges 13:14, Judges 13:15, Judges 13:16, Judges 13:17, Judges 13:18, Judges 13:19, Judges 13:20, Judges 13:21, Judges 13:22, Judges 13:23, Judges 13:24, Judges 13:25

Key moments

  1. The child's task is announced (Judges 13:5). The son will be a Nazirite from the womb and will begin deliverance from the Philistines.
  2. The messenger returns to the woman (Judges 13:9). God answers Manoah's request, with the angel again appearing to his wife.
  3. She answers Manoah's fear (Judges 13:23). She reasons from the accepted offering and the promised events.
  4. Samson is born (Judges 13:24). The woman names her son Samson, and the Lord blesses him.

For reflection

Manoah's wife challenges his fearful conclusion by recalling what they have been told. What changes when you compare an interpretation with the evidence already before you?

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